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As Campanhas Militares Portuguesas em Angola, durante a 1ª Guerra Mundial
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Resumo(s)
A 1ª Guerra Mundial confirmou a péssima situação em que Portugal se encontrava.
A crise não era apenas económica, mas também social e política. Com o deflagrar da 1ª Guerra Mundial, Portugal tinha de se unir para estabelecer objetivos nacionais relativamente ao processo de pacificação dos territórios ultramarinos, devido ao interesse confirmado pela Alemanha.
Assim, foram efetuadas campanhas em Angola, no sentido de pacificar o restante
território a sul, onde a soberania nacional ainda não se fazia sentir. A sua tarefa era dificultada pela falta de condições necessárias às operações militares pois as estruturas não se encontravam preparadas para operações com a magnitude da Campanha de 1914-15. A rede estradal e ferroviária foi desenvolvida tendo em consideração o interesse das relações comerciais e não as forças militares e suas manobras.
O Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada tem como objetivo geral identificar a evolução
na tipologia de operações, logística e organização das unidades, nas operações realizadas pelas forças portuguesas em Angola durante a 1ª Guerra Mundial (1914-15). Para isso é fundamental que se reúnam dados, das forças portuguesas, alemãs e indígenas. A recolha de informação foi realizada em vários arquivos e bibliotecas,
nomeadamente a Biblioteca na Academia Militar Sede, Biblioteca no Aquartelamento Militar da Amadora, Biblioteca do Exército e Arquivo Histórico Militar. Compilaram-se os dados a partir de fontes documentais primárias e impressas, assim como várias fontes secundárias assentes numa ampla bibliografia, essencial para a investigação, privilegiando a análise de conteúdos que constituíram a base de trabalho.
Podemos concluir que a maior parte da responsabilidade pelos maus resultados em
Angola, advém da fraca preocupação do governo português no que respeita à preparação dos exércitos. Afinal, o nosso inimigo não seriam os índigenas, mas sim o bem preparado e equipado exército alemão. A incompetência da estrutura política relativamente ao comportamento das forças militares portuguesas limitou a ação perante o desrespeito alemão pelas fronteiras angolanas. A improvisação esteve sempre presente nas campanhas militares portuguesas, deixando à mercê o nosso talento de improvisadores já que tudo faltou. Na campanha de Angola em 1914, ocorrem dois fatores para os maus resultados: a precipitação do incidente em Naulila, que origina a impossibilidade do canal logístico alimentar corretamente as operações militares, e um conjunto de erros táticos da parte do Tenente-Coronel Alves Roçadas o que conduziu à sublevação dos povos indígenas. Ao longo da campanha de Angola em 1915, sob o comando do General Pereira de
Eça, as lições aprendidas anteriormente são tidas em consideração e durante 3 meses são
apenas postas em prática preocupações logísticas promovendo o sucesso da operação.
Abstract The 1st World War was confirmed by the dire straits in which Portugal was. The crisis was not only economic but also social and political. With the outbreak of World War 1, Portugal had to unite to establish national objectives relating to the overseas territories of pacification process, due to the interest confirmed by Germany. Campaigns to Angola in order to pacify the remaining territory to the south, where national sovereignty has not made itself felt is sent. Your task is complicated by the lack of necessary conditions for military operations since the structures were not prepared for operations with the magnitude of the 1914-15 campaign. The estradal and rail network was developed taking into consideration the interests of trade and non-military forces and their maneuvers. Work for Applied Research has the overall objective to identify the evolution in the types of operations, logistics and organization of the units, in operations carried out by the Portuguese forces in Angola during the 1st World War (1914-15). For this it is essential to gather data of Portuguese, German and indigenous forces. Regarding the collection of information, this was held in various archives and libraries, including the Library at the Military Academy Headquarters, Military Barracks Library in Amadora, library of the Army and Military History Archive. Thus, the data compiled from primary sources and printed documentary, as well as several secondary sources based on an extensive bibliography, essential to research focused on the analysis of contents that formed the basis of work. We conclude that most of the responsibility for the poor results in Angola, the concern stems from the weak Portuguese government regarding the preparation of armies. After our enemy would not be indigenous, but well prepared and equipped German army. The incompetence of the political structure on the behavior of Portuguese military forces, limited action before the German disregard the Angolan border. Improvisation has always been present in the Portuguese military campaigns, leaving the mercy of our talented improvisers since all missed. In the Angola campaign in 1914, occurring two factors for poor outcomes: precipitating incident Naulila originating the impossibility of food logistics channel properly military operations and a set of tactical errors on the part of Lieutenant Colonel Alves Roçadas leading the uprising of indigenous peoples. In 1915 at the Angola campaign under the command of General Pereira de Eça, the lessons learned from the previous year are taken into account and for 3 months are only implemented logistical concerns promoting the success of the operation.
Abstract The 1st World War was confirmed by the dire straits in which Portugal was. The crisis was not only economic but also social and political. With the outbreak of World War 1, Portugal had to unite to establish national objectives relating to the overseas territories of pacification process, due to the interest confirmed by Germany. Campaigns to Angola in order to pacify the remaining territory to the south, where national sovereignty has not made itself felt is sent. Your task is complicated by the lack of necessary conditions for military operations since the structures were not prepared for operations with the magnitude of the 1914-15 campaign. The estradal and rail network was developed taking into consideration the interests of trade and non-military forces and their maneuvers. Work for Applied Research has the overall objective to identify the evolution in the types of operations, logistics and organization of the units, in operations carried out by the Portuguese forces in Angola during the 1st World War (1914-15). For this it is essential to gather data of Portuguese, German and indigenous forces. Regarding the collection of information, this was held in various archives and libraries, including the Library at the Military Academy Headquarters, Military Barracks Library in Amadora, library of the Army and Military History Archive. Thus, the data compiled from primary sources and printed documentary, as well as several secondary sources based on an extensive bibliography, essential to research focused on the analysis of contents that formed the basis of work. We conclude that most of the responsibility for the poor results in Angola, the concern stems from the weak Portuguese government regarding the preparation of armies. After our enemy would not be indigenous, but well prepared and equipped German army. The incompetence of the political structure on the behavior of Portuguese military forces, limited action before the German disregard the Angolan border. Improvisation has always been present in the Portuguese military campaigns, leaving the mercy of our talented improvisers since all missed. In the Angola campaign in 1914, occurring two factors for poor outcomes: precipitating incident Naulila originating the impossibility of food logistics channel properly military operations and a set of tactical errors on the part of Lieutenant Colonel Alves Roçadas leading the uprising of indigenous peoples. In 1915 at the Angola campaign under the command of General Pereira de Eça, the lessons learned from the previous year are taken into account and for 3 months are only implemented logistical concerns promoting the success of the operation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
1ª Guerra Mundial Crise Angola Logística
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino