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Publication
Gestão Da Dor Peri-Operatória Em Animais De Companhia
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| 7.83 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O maneio da dor está no centro das preocupações da medicina veterinária. Cada vez são
realizadas mais investigações para desenvolver estratégias adaptadas às necessidades individuais de
cada animal e garantir assim um procedimento cirúrgico de qualidade e uma experiência pósoperatória
confortável. De facto, a dor é uma consequência inerente a qualquer intervenção cirúrgica
e pode ter consequências consideráveis. É essencial entender a sua fisiologia, que pode ser dividida
em cinco etapas: transdução, transmissão, modulação, projeção e perceção, para a poder controlar
eficazmente, de acordo com a responsabilidade médica e ética do médico veterinário. Do seu
controlo efetivo, depende o bem-estar animal, bem como o sucesso e a recuperação da cirurgia, que
poderiam ser afetados por eventuais alterações fisiopatológicas nos sistemas cardiovascular,
respiratório, imunitário, digestivo e a nível metabólico. Para poder antecipar o nível de dor, é
essencial ter um conhecimento preciso e um domínio do procedimento cirúrgico. A eficácia da
analgesia deve ser avaliada regularmente durante o período peri-operatório para proceder às
adaptações necessárias. Estão disponíveis diferentes ferramentas para atingir este objetivo, como as
escalas multidimensionais de avaliação da dor, além de observar alterações fisiológicas, posturais e comportamentais. Uma vez identificada, a dor deve ser tratada, sendo fundamental implementar um
plano analgésico consistente para aliviar a dor e trazer conforto do animal durante todo o período
peri-operatório. Inclui um plano de analgesia individualizado, multimodal, preventivo e contínuo, que
pode envolver terapias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas, como administração de opióides, antiinflamatórios não esteróides, anestésicos locais e outras opções, adaptadas às necessidades de cada
caso. As técnicas não farmacológicas, como a crioterapia, acupuntura e fotobiomodulação, não
devem ser negligenciadas porque desempenham também um papel importante no maneio da dor,
especialmente quando as terapias convencionais não são toleradas pelo paciente.
Pain management is in the centre of veterinary medicine concerns. Several investigations have been carried out to develop strategies adapted to the individual needs of each animal, and thus guarantee quality in the surgical procedure and a comfortable post-operative experience. Pain is an inherent consequence of any surgical intervention and can have major consequences. It is essential to understand its physiology, which can be divided into five stages: transduction, transmission, modulation, projection and perception, in order to effectively control it, according to the veterinary surgeon ethical and medical responsibility. From its effective control, depends animal welfare, as well as the success and recovery from surgery, which could be affected by any pathophysiological changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune or digestive systems, and also metabolic consequences. Anticipation of the level of pain requires precise knowledge of the surgical procedure. The efficacy of analgesia must be assessed regularly during the entire peri-operative period in order to adapt according to the needs. Different tools are available to evaluate pain, such as multidimensional pain assessment scales, as well as observation of physiological, postural and behavioural changes. Once identified, pain must be controled. Therefore, it is essential to implement a consistent analgesic plan to relieve animal's pain and bring comfort throughout the peri-operative period. This includes an individualized, multimodal, preventive and continuous analgesia plan, which can involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, such as administration of opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics and other options, adapted to the needs of each case. Non-pharmacological techniques such as cryotherapy, acupuncture and photobiomodulation should not be neglected since they also make a considerable contribution to pain management, especially when conventional therapies are not tolerated by the patient.
Pain management is in the centre of veterinary medicine concerns. Several investigations have been carried out to develop strategies adapted to the individual needs of each animal, and thus guarantee quality in the surgical procedure and a comfortable post-operative experience. Pain is an inherent consequence of any surgical intervention and can have major consequences. It is essential to understand its physiology, which can be divided into five stages: transduction, transmission, modulation, projection and perception, in order to effectively control it, according to the veterinary surgeon ethical and medical responsibility. From its effective control, depends animal welfare, as well as the success and recovery from surgery, which could be affected by any pathophysiological changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune or digestive systems, and also metabolic consequences. Anticipation of the level of pain requires precise knowledge of the surgical procedure. The efficacy of analgesia must be assessed regularly during the entire peri-operative period in order to adapt according to the needs. Different tools are available to evaluate pain, such as multidimensional pain assessment scales, as well as observation of physiological, postural and behavioural changes. Once identified, pain must be controled. Therefore, it is essential to implement a consistent analgesic plan to relieve animal's pain and bring comfort throughout the peri-operative period. This includes an individualized, multimodal, preventive and continuous analgesia plan, which can involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, such as administration of opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics and other options, adapted to the needs of each case. Non-pharmacological techniques such as cryotherapy, acupuncture and photobiomodulation should not be neglected since they also make a considerable contribution to pain management, especially when conventional therapies are not tolerated by the patient.
Description
Keywords
Analgesia Animais De Companhia Cirurgia Dor Analgesia Companion Animals Surgery Pain