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Desenvolvimento do programa de melhoramento genético do orégão – Origanum vulgare subsp. virens
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A subespécie de orégão presente no Alentejo é Origanum vulgare subsp. virens. A espécie
apresenta um elevado número de utilizações, destacando-se a condimentar, medicinal,
cosmética e alimentar. A colheita desregrada na natureza coloca a espécie em risco de
erosão genética. Neste contexto, é premente a promoção do cultivo do orégão. Este
trabalho vem dar continuidade a estudos anteriores de caracterização morfológica,
agronómica e química, com foco no desenvolvimento do programa de melhoramento.
Foram selecionados 6 acessos, 2 do quimiotipo carvacrol (Ov2 Estremoz, Ov3 Elvas), 2
do quimiotipo linalol (Ov20 Serpa, Ov23 Moura) e 2 do quimiotipo timol (Ov16 Sousel,
Ov21Alandroal), tendo bom rendimento em óleo essencial, plantas altas e elevado
potencial de produção de biomassa. Os 6 acessos foram multiplicados no viveiro da ESBE
por estacas obtidas no local de origem; sendo utilizadas no ensaio de seleção de plantas
instalado no INIAV-Elvas, em tela, com 2 blocos casualizados, com 18 plantas (total: 36
plantas por acesso), com espaçamento de 50 cm na linha e 80 cm entre acessos. O
ensaio de avaliação agronómica foi instalado através de divisão de plantas; sendo
constituído por 6 acessos, em 3 blocos casualizados, com 12 plantas por bloco (total: 36
plantas por acesso), espaçamento de 30 cm entre plantas e 80 cm entre acessos. Foram
utilizados 21 descritores de seleção e 14 descritores para avaliação agronómica. Foram
selecionadas 4 plantas por cada acesso em estudo, usando como critérios de seleção o
comprimento do caule, a altura, o vigor, a produção de biomassa e uniformidade do
comprimento da espiga. Após seleção, o acesso mais precoce foi Ov20 Serpa (57 dias
para florir) e o mais tardio foi Ov2 Estremoz (73 dias para florir); Ov23 Moura teve as
espigas mais curtas (0,9 cm) e Ov16 Sousel as mais longas (1,7 cm). O vigor das plantas
e a produção de biomassa foram, geralmente, superiores aquando da realização do
segundo corte (setembro). Estes resultados foram preliminares, devendo ser
consolidados com o 2.o ano de observações.
The oregano subspecies present in Alentejo is Origanum vulgare subsp. virens. This species has a wide range of uses, notably in culinary, medicinal, cosmetic, and food applications. However, unregulated harvesting in the wild puts the species at risk of genetic erosion. In this context, promoting oregano cultivation is crucial. This study builds upon previous research on morphological, agronomic, and chemical characterization, with a focus on developing a breeding program. Six accessions were selected: two from the carvacrol chemotype (Ov2 Estremoz, Ov3 Elvas), two from the linalool chemotype (Ov20 Serpa, Ov23 Moura), and two from the thymol chemotype (Ov16 Sousel, Ov21 Alandroal). These accessions showed high essential oil yield, tall plants, and high biomass production potential. The six accessions were propagated in the ESBE nursery by cuttings obtained from their original sites. These were then used in a plant selection trial installed at INIAV-Elvas, on weed control fabric, with two randomized blocks, each containing 18 plants (total: 36 plants per accession), with 50 cm spacing in rows and 80 cm between accessions. The agronomic evaluation trial was conducted by dividing plants and included six accessions in three randomized blocks, with 12 plants per block (total: 36 plants per accession). Spacing was 30 cm between plants and 80 cm between accessions. Twenty- one selection descriptors and fourteen agronomic descriptors were used. Four plants per accession were selected using criteria such as stem length, height, vigor, biomass production, and spike length uniformity. After selection, the earliest flowering accession was Ov20 Serpa (57 days to flower), and the latest was Ov2 Estremoz (73 days to flower). Ov23 Moura had the shortest spikes (0.9 cm), while Ov16 Sousel had the longest (1.7 cm). Plant vigor and biomass production were generally higher when the second cut was carried out (September). These results were preliminary and should be validated with the second year of observations.
The oregano subspecies present in Alentejo is Origanum vulgare subsp. virens. This species has a wide range of uses, notably in culinary, medicinal, cosmetic, and food applications. However, unregulated harvesting in the wild puts the species at risk of genetic erosion. In this context, promoting oregano cultivation is crucial. This study builds upon previous research on morphological, agronomic, and chemical characterization, with a focus on developing a breeding program. Six accessions were selected: two from the carvacrol chemotype (Ov2 Estremoz, Ov3 Elvas), two from the linalool chemotype (Ov20 Serpa, Ov23 Moura), and two from the thymol chemotype (Ov16 Sousel, Ov21 Alandroal). These accessions showed high essential oil yield, tall plants, and high biomass production potential. The six accessions were propagated in the ESBE nursery by cuttings obtained from their original sites. These were then used in a plant selection trial installed at INIAV-Elvas, on weed control fabric, with two randomized blocks, each containing 18 plants (total: 36 plants per accession), with 50 cm spacing in rows and 80 cm between accessions. The agronomic evaluation trial was conducted by dividing plants and included six accessions in three randomized blocks, with 12 plants per block (total: 36 plants per accession). Spacing was 30 cm between plants and 80 cm between accessions. Twenty- one selection descriptors and fourteen agronomic descriptors were used. Four plants per accession were selected using criteria such as stem length, height, vigor, biomass production, and spike length uniformity. After selection, the earliest flowering accession was Ov20 Serpa (57 days to flower), and the latest was Ov2 Estremoz (73 days to flower). Ov23 Moura had the shortest spikes (0.9 cm), while Ov16 Sousel had the longest (1.7 cm). Plant vigor and biomass production were generally higher when the second cut was carried out (September). These results were preliminary and should be validated with the second year of observations.
Description
Keywords
Oregãos Melhoramento Genético Propagação Seleção oregano Propagation