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O que o distintivo tenta esconder : burnout e sintomatologia psicopatológica em forças policiais portuguesas
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Authors
Abstract(s)
No presente estudo foi investigada a relação entre a presença de burnout e de sintomatologia psicopatológica numa amostra de polícias que, aquando da sua participação, desempenhavam funções laborais em forças policiais portuguesas. A investigação contou com 103 respostas de polícias da Polícia de Segurança Pública, da Polícia Judiciária e da Guarda Nacional Republicana, com idades compreendidas entre os 21 e os 67 anos, maioritariamente do género masculino (80.6%). Foram utilizados os instrumentos de avaliação psicológica Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT; Schaufeli et al., 2020, adaptado e traduzido para a população portuguesa por Sinval et al., 2022) e Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis, 1975, validado e traduzido para a população portuguesa por Canavarro, 1999). Os resultados revelaram que a dimensão do BAT que mais parece afetar os participantes é a Exaustão. Já no BSI, demonstraram ser as Obsessões-Compulsões. As análises realizadas apontaram para a existência de diferenças significativas entre géneros relativamente a determinadas dimensões do BAT, sendo que os participantes do género feminino obtiveram valores significativamente mais elevados de Exaustão e os participantes do género masculino de Incapacidade no Controlo Emocional. As forças policiais evidenciaram diferenças significativas relativas à Angústia Psicológica, tendo a Polícia Judiciária apresentado valores médios mais elevados do que a Polícia de Segurança Pública nesta dimensão. Verificaram-se ainda diferenças significativas nas dimensões do BAT e do BSI entre os participantes que reportaram intenção de turnover e aqueles que não o fizeram, tendo sido os participantes com intenção de turnover que obtiveram valores mais elevados em todas as dimensões. As dimensões dos dois instrumentos revelaram-se positiva e significativamente correlacionadas entre si, sendo a maioria destas correlações considerada forte. Por fim, os resultados apontaram para a explicação da sintomatologia psicopatológica pelas dimensões de burnout de Exaustão, Distância Mental e Angústia Psicológica. Por outro lado, a explicação do fenómeno de burnout surgiu pelos sintomas psicopatológicos de Obsessões-Compulsões, Ansiedade e Ideação Paranoide.
In the present study, the presence of burnout and psychopathological symptomatology was investigated in a sample of police officers who, at the time of their participation, worked in Portuguese police forces. The investigation had 103 answers from police officers of the Public Security Police, the Judiciary Police and the National Republican Guard, aged between 21 and 67 years, mostly male (80.6%). The psychological assessment tools that were used were the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT; Schaufeli et al., 2020, adapted and translated to the Portuguese population by Sinval et al., 2022) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis, 1975, validated and translated to the Portuguese population by Canavarro, 1999). The results revealed that the BAT dimension that seemed to affect the participants the most was Exhaustion. In BSI, it was Obsessions-Compulsions. The analysis pointed out significant differences between genders regarding certain BAT dimensions, with female participants obtaining significantly higher values for Exhaustion and male participants for Emotional Impairment. The police forces showed significant differences between them regarding Psychological Distress, with the Judiciary Police showing higher average values than the Public Security Police in this dimension. There were also significant differences in BAT and BSI dimensions between the participants who reported turnover intention and those who did not, being the participants with an intention to turnover the ones that obtained higher scores in all dimensions. The dimensions of the two instruments were positively and significantly correlated with each other and most of these correlations were considered strong. Finally, the results pointed to the explanation of psychopathological symptomatology by the burnout dimensions of Exhaustion, Mental Distance and Psychological Distress. On the other hand, the burnout phenomenon was explained by the psychopathological symptoms of Obsessions-Compulsions, Anxiety and Paranoid Ideation.
In the present study, the presence of burnout and psychopathological symptomatology was investigated in a sample of police officers who, at the time of their participation, worked in Portuguese police forces. The investigation had 103 answers from police officers of the Public Security Police, the Judiciary Police and the National Republican Guard, aged between 21 and 67 years, mostly male (80.6%). The psychological assessment tools that were used were the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT; Schaufeli et al., 2020, adapted and translated to the Portuguese population by Sinval et al., 2022) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis, 1975, validated and translated to the Portuguese population by Canavarro, 1999). The results revealed that the BAT dimension that seemed to affect the participants the most was Exhaustion. In BSI, it was Obsessions-Compulsions. The analysis pointed out significant differences between genders regarding certain BAT dimensions, with female participants obtaining significantly higher values for Exhaustion and male participants for Emotional Impairment. The police forces showed significant differences between them regarding Psychological Distress, with the Judiciary Police showing higher average values than the Public Security Police in this dimension. There were also significant differences in BAT and BSI dimensions between the participants who reported turnover intention and those who did not, being the participants with an intention to turnover the ones that obtained higher scores in all dimensions. The dimensions of the two instruments were positively and significantly correlated with each other and most of these correlations were considered strong. Finally, the results pointed to the explanation of psychopathological symptomatology by the burnout dimensions of Exhaustion, Mental Distance and Psychological Distress. On the other hand, the burnout phenomenon was explained by the psychopathological symptoms of Obsessions-Compulsions, Anxiety and Paranoid Ideation.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Burnout Sintomatologia psicopatológica Polícias Portugal