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O Projeto Alcora e a Guerra de África (1961 - 1974)
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Abstract(s)
O Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada que se apresenta tem como tema: “O Projecto Alcora e a Guerra de África (1961 – 1974) ” e tem como objectivo identificar os objectivos iniciais estabelecidos pela aliança assinada entre Portugal, República da África do Sul e Rodésia.
Durante a Guerra Colonial em que Portugal se envolveu entre 1961 e 1974, o nosso país nem
sempre teve, por parte dos tradicionais aliados ocidentais, o apoio que desejou. Para contornar este problema, ao longo daquele período, foi estabelecendo um sistema de alianças que culminaram numa aproximação à República da África do Sul e à Rodésia: os dois últimos países com governos brancos na África Austral. A cooperação com estes dois países evoluiu tão favoravelmente que no início da década de setenta foram assinados uma série de acordos que ficaram designados como Projecto Alcora, ou Exercício Alcora conforme consta nos documentos oficiais.
Este trabalho divide-se em duas partes fundamentais. Nos dois primeiros capítulos é analisado o apoio dos tradicionais aliados ocidentais do nosso país durante a guerra: os Estados Unidos da América, a Inglaterra, a França e a República Federal da Alemanha e; o apoio da República da África do Sul e da Rodésia. Nos dois últimos capítulos é analisada a proposta sul-africana para um plano de defesa para a África Austral, considerado como sendo a génese do Exercício Alcora e; o acordo de base do Exercício estabelecido entre os três países.
A metodologia utilizada assenta na análise documental e na análise bibliográfica.
Conclui-se que o Exercício Alcora funcionou na parte inicial, aquela que é analisada neste trabalho, como uma aliança essencialmente militar que englobava todos os campos de actuação das Forças Armadas dos três países. Tinha em vista a estabilização da situação militar nos países visados, especialmente nos territórios de Angola e Moçambique, estando previsto abranger outros campos de actuação de âmbito civil, com o objectivo de manter os governos brancos da África Austral.
Abstract The present Applied Investigation Work’s subject is “The Alcora Project and the African War (1961 – 1974)” and its main goal is to identify the initial objectives established by the alliance between Portugal, the Republic of South Africa and Rhodesia. During the Colonial War in which Portugal was involved between 1961 and 1974, our country not always had, from our traditional western allies, the desired support. To circumvent this problem, during that period, it established a system of alliances that culminated in approaching the Republic of South Africa and Rhodesia, the last two counties with white governments in Austral Africa. The cooperation with these two countries evolved so favorably that in the beginning of the 1960s a series of agreements were signed that came to be known as Project Alcora, or Alcora Exercise as it is identified in official documents. This work is divided in two major parts. In the first two chapters there is an analysis to the support of our country’s traditional western allies during the war: the United States of America, England, France and the Federal Republic of Germany and; the support of the Republic of South Africa and Rhodesia. In the last two chapters there is an analysis to the South-African proposal for a defense plan for Austral Africa, considered to be the genesis of the Alcora Exercise and; the basic agreement established between the three countries. The methodology used is based on documental and bibliographical analysis. It can be concluded that the Alcora Exercise worked on its first stage, the one that is investigated in this work, as an essentially military alliance that encompassed all the fields of action of the Armed Forces of the three countries. It was intended to stabilize the military situation in the targeted countries, especially in the territories of Angola and Mozambique, being predicted to cover other fields of action of civilian scope, with the purpose of maintaining the white governments in Austral Africa.
Abstract The present Applied Investigation Work’s subject is “The Alcora Project and the African War (1961 – 1974)” and its main goal is to identify the initial objectives established by the alliance between Portugal, the Republic of South Africa and Rhodesia. During the Colonial War in which Portugal was involved between 1961 and 1974, our country not always had, from our traditional western allies, the desired support. To circumvent this problem, during that period, it established a system of alliances that culminated in approaching the Republic of South Africa and Rhodesia, the last two counties with white governments in Austral Africa. The cooperation with these two countries evolved so favorably that in the beginning of the 1960s a series of agreements were signed that came to be known as Project Alcora, or Alcora Exercise as it is identified in official documents. This work is divided in two major parts. In the first two chapters there is an analysis to the support of our country’s traditional western allies during the war: the United States of America, England, France and the Federal Republic of Germany and; the support of the Republic of South Africa and Rhodesia. In the last two chapters there is an analysis to the South-African proposal for a defense plan for Austral Africa, considered to be the genesis of the Alcora Exercise and; the basic agreement established between the three countries. The methodology used is based on documental and bibliographical analysis. It can be concluded that the Alcora Exercise worked on its first stage, the one that is investigated in this work, as an essentially military alliance that encompassed all the fields of action of the Armed Forces of the three countries. It was intended to stabilize the military situation in the targeted countries, especially in the territories of Angola and Mozambique, being predicted to cover other fields of action of civilian scope, with the purpose of maintaining the white governments in Austral Africa.
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Keywords
Exercício Alcora Guerra Colonial República da África do Sul Rodésia
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Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino