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Assédio sexual em estudantes do ensino superior : prevalência, caracterização e impacto psicossocial
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Abstract(s)
Na União Europeia, desde os 15 anos de idade, uma em cada duas mulheres experienciou assédio sexual, pelo menos uma vez ao longo da sua vida. Este fenómeno complexo, ainda que globalmente reconhecido, apresenta muitas lacunas relativamente às suas dinâmicas e diversidade de impactos, particularmente na realidade portuguesa. O presente estudo visa promover uma melhor compreensão do assédio sexual no contexto do Ensino Superior em Portugal, bem como de alguns dos fatores psicossociais que lhe estão associados, designadamente: distress, pensamentos negativos intrusivos, investimento académico e resiliência. Recorreu-se a uma amostra de 541 estudantes do Ensino Superior público e privado (M = 22,57; DP = 4,71), tendo-se utilizado os seguintes instrumentos de autorrelato: Questionário de Experiências Sexuais, Escala de Atitudes face ao Assédio Sexual, Escala de Distress, Escala de Pensamentos Negativos Intrusivos, Questionário de Investimento Académico e Escala de Resiliência. Verificaram-se correlações positivas entre as experiências sexuais não desejadas e o distress, os pensamentos negativos intrusivos e o investimento académico. Foi encontrada uma prevalência de 14,4% referente a experiências de assédio sexual, sendo 89,3% das vítimas mulheres, tendo como principal agente de perpretação colegas do sexo masculino, e destacando-se as festas no recinto da instituição e as salas de aula/laboratórios como os contextos onde mais frequentemente ocorreram estes comportamentos indesejados. Os resultados encontrados alertam para a necessidade de desenvolver políticas eficazes de prevenção do assédio sexual no contexto do Ensino Superior, bem como de implementar programas de intervenção psicológica orientados para as vítimas deste fenómeno.
In the European Union, from the age of 15, one in two women has experienced sexual harassment at least once in their lifetime. This complex phenomenon, although globally recognized, presents many gaps regarding its dynamics and diversity of impacts, particularly in the Portuguese reality. The present study aims to promote a better understanding of sexual harassment in the context of Higher Education in Portugal, as well as some of the psychosocial factors associated with it, namely: distress, intrusive negative thoughts, academic investment, and resilience. A sample of 541 students from public and private Higher Education institutions was used (M = 22.57; SD = 4.71), and the following self-report instruments were used: Sexual Experiences Questionnaire, Attitudes Toward Sexual Harassment Scale, Distress Scale, Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale, Academic Investment Questionnaire, and Resilience Scale. Positive correlations were found between unwanted sexual experiences and distress, intrusive negative thoughts, and academic investment. A prevalence of 14.4% of sexual harassment experiences was found, with 89.3% of the victims being women. The main perpetrators were male colleagues, with institutional parties and classrooms/laboratories being highlighted as the contexts where these unwanted behaviors most frequently occurred. The results highlight the need to develop effective policies to prevent sexual harassment in the context of Higher Education, as well as to implement psychological intervention programs aimed at the victims of this phenomenon.
In the European Union, from the age of 15, one in two women has experienced sexual harassment at least once in their lifetime. This complex phenomenon, although globally recognized, presents many gaps regarding its dynamics and diversity of impacts, particularly in the Portuguese reality. The present study aims to promote a better understanding of sexual harassment in the context of Higher Education in Portugal, as well as some of the psychosocial factors associated with it, namely: distress, intrusive negative thoughts, academic investment, and resilience. A sample of 541 students from public and private Higher Education institutions was used (M = 22.57; SD = 4.71), and the following self-report instruments were used: Sexual Experiences Questionnaire, Attitudes Toward Sexual Harassment Scale, Distress Scale, Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale, Academic Investment Questionnaire, and Resilience Scale. Positive correlations were found between unwanted sexual experiences and distress, intrusive negative thoughts, and academic investment. A prevalence of 14.4% of sexual harassment experiences was found, with 89.3% of the victims being women. The main perpetrators were male colleagues, with institutional parties and classrooms/laboratories being highlighted as the contexts where these unwanted behaviors most frequently occurred. The results highlight the need to develop effective policies to prevent sexual harassment in the context of Higher Education, as well as to implement psychological intervention programs aimed at the victims of this phenomenon.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Assédio sexual Experiências sexuais indesejadas Estudantes do ensino superior Impacto psicológico Distress Resiliência