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Relação entre a má oclusão e o sistema podal
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A Ortodontia trata a má oclusão intervindo nas estruturas orais, na estética do sorriso e nas funções do sistema estomatognático. O tratamento ortodôntico desempenha um papel importante, tendo um impacto direto na saúde oral e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. No entanto, a literatura científica mais recente tende a aprofundar e alargar o campo de intervenção da Ortodontia.
De facto, os dentes, os maxilares, os músculos mastigatórios e as articulações temporomandibulares não funcionam de forma isolada, mas encontram-se intimamente ligados ao resto do corpo através de cadeias musculares e neurossensoriais. Assim, tem sido descrita a existência de uma relação entre a má oclusão dentária, as alterações da postura corporal e os parâmetros estáticos e dinâmicos dos pés, recorrendo-se a ferramentas como a baropodometria enquanto método relevante para avaliar as ligações entre a oclusão e o sistema podal. Em condições estáticas, a baropodometria mede a distribuição das pressões entre o antepé e o retropé, bem como a posição e as oscilações do centro de pressão, podendo evidenciar tendências como a anteriorização da carga em determinados perfis. Em condições dinâmicas, a análise das linhas de progressão da marcha e das forças de reação ao solo permite identificar adaptações da marcha potencialmente associadas a desequilíbrios oclusais. Estas medições fornecem informações úteis sobre as interações entre postura e oclusão, contudo, diversos fatores, como a visão, podem influenciar os resultados.
Esta revisão narrativa visa sintetizar os conhecimentos atuais sobre a relação entre a má oclusão e o sistema podal, bem como tentar clarificar a integração multidisciplinar da Ortodontia com especialidades como a Ortopedia ou a Podologia. Além disso, será igualmente importante compreender de que forma os tratamentos ortodônticos podem contribuir para a correção ou melhoria das alterações podais.
Orthodontics addresses malocclusion by intervening in oral structures, smile aesthetics, and the functions of the stomatognathic system. Orthodontic treatment plays an important role, having a direct impact on oral health and patients’ quality of life. However, recent scientific literature tends to further explore and broaden the scope of orthodontic intervention. Indeed, teeth, jaws, masticatory muscles, and temporomandibular joints do not function in isolation, but are closely connected to the rest of the body through muscular and neurosensory chains. A relationship has therefore been described between dental malocclusion, abnormalities in body posture, and both static and dynamic foot parameters, with tools such as baropodometry being used as a relevant method for evaluating the links between occlusion and the podal system. Under static conditions, baropodometry measures the distribution of pressure between the forefoot and the rearfoot, as well as the position and oscillations of the center of pressure, which may highlight tendencies such as an anterior shift of body load in certain profiles. Under dynamic conditions, the analysis of gait progression lines and ground reaction forces reveals gait adaptations potentially associated with occlusal imbalances. These measurements provide useful information regarding the interactions between posture and occlusion, however, many factors, such as vision, may influence the results. This narrative review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between malocclusion and the podal system, while also attempting to clarify the multidisciplinary integration of Orthodontics with specialties such as Orthopedics and Podiatry. In addition, it will be important to understand how orthodontic treatments may contribute to the correction or improvement of podal disorders.
L’orthodontie traite la malocclusion en intervenant sur les structures orales, l’esthétique du sourire et les fonctions du système stomatognathique. Le traitement orthodontique joue un rôle important, ayant un impact direct sur la santé bucco-dentaire et la qualité de vie des patients. Toutefois, la littérature scientifique récente tend à approfondir et à élargir le champ d’intervention de l’orthodontie. En effet, les dents, les maxillaires, les muscles masticateurs et les articulations temporo-mandibulaires ne fonctionnent pas de manière isolée, mais sont étroitement liés au reste du corps par des chaînes musculaires et neurosensorielles. Il a ainsi été décrit l’existence d’une relation entre lamalocclusion dentaire, les anomalies de la posture corporelle et les paramètres statiques et dynamiques des pieds, avec le recours à des outils tels que la baropodométrie comme un outil d’évaluation pertinent des liens entre occlusion et système podal. En conditions statiques, elle mesure la répartition des pressions entre avant-pied et arrière-pied, ainsi que la position et les oscillations du centre de pression, pouvant mettre en lumière des tendances comme une antériorisation de la charge chez certains profils. En dynamique, l’analyse des lignes de progression et des forces de réaction au sol met en évidence des adaptations de la marche potentiellement associées à des déséquilibres oclusaux. Ces mesures fournissent des informations utiles sur les interactions entre posture et occlusion, néanmoins de nombreux facteurs peuvent influencer les résultats comme la vision. Cette revue narrative vise à synthétiser les connaissances actuelles sur la relation entre la malocclusion et le système podal, ainsi qu’à tenter de clarifier l’intégration multidisciplinaire de l’orthodontie avec des spécialités telles que l’orthopédie ou la podologie. De plus, il sera également important de comprendre comment les traitements orthodontiques peuvent contribuer à la correction ou à l’amélioration des troubles podaux.
Orthodontics addresses malocclusion by intervening in oral structures, smile aesthetics, and the functions of the stomatognathic system. Orthodontic treatment plays an important role, having a direct impact on oral health and patients’ quality of life. However, recent scientific literature tends to further explore and broaden the scope of orthodontic intervention. Indeed, teeth, jaws, masticatory muscles, and temporomandibular joints do not function in isolation, but are closely connected to the rest of the body through muscular and neurosensory chains. A relationship has therefore been described between dental malocclusion, abnormalities in body posture, and both static and dynamic foot parameters, with tools such as baropodometry being used as a relevant method for evaluating the links between occlusion and the podal system. Under static conditions, baropodometry measures the distribution of pressure between the forefoot and the rearfoot, as well as the position and oscillations of the center of pressure, which may highlight tendencies such as an anterior shift of body load in certain profiles. Under dynamic conditions, the analysis of gait progression lines and ground reaction forces reveals gait adaptations potentially associated with occlusal imbalances. These measurements provide useful information regarding the interactions between posture and occlusion, however, many factors, such as vision, may influence the results. This narrative review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between malocclusion and the podal system, while also attempting to clarify the multidisciplinary integration of Orthodontics with specialties such as Orthopedics and Podiatry. In addition, it will be important to understand how orthodontic treatments may contribute to the correction or improvement of podal disorders.
L’orthodontie traite la malocclusion en intervenant sur les structures orales, l’esthétique du sourire et les fonctions du système stomatognathique. Le traitement orthodontique joue un rôle important, ayant un impact direct sur la santé bucco-dentaire et la qualité de vie des patients. Toutefois, la littérature scientifique récente tend à approfondir et à élargir le champ d’intervention de l’orthodontie. En effet, les dents, les maxillaires, les muscles masticateurs et les articulations temporo-mandibulaires ne fonctionnent pas de manière isolée, mais sont étroitement liés au reste du corps par des chaînes musculaires et neurosensorielles. Il a ainsi été décrit l’existence d’une relation entre lamalocclusion dentaire, les anomalies de la posture corporelle et les paramètres statiques et dynamiques des pieds, avec le recours à des outils tels que la baropodométrie comme un outil d’évaluation pertinent des liens entre occlusion et système podal. En conditions statiques, elle mesure la répartition des pressions entre avant-pied et arrière-pied, ainsi que la position et les oscillations du centre de pression, pouvant mettre en lumière des tendances comme une antériorisation de la charge chez certains profils. En dynamique, l’analyse des lignes de progression et des forces de réaction au sol met en évidence des adaptations de la marche potentiellement associées à des déséquilibres oclusaux. Ces mesures fournissent des informations utiles sur les interactions entre posture et occlusion, néanmoins de nombreux facteurs peuvent influencer les résultats comme la vision. Cette revue narrative vise à synthétiser les connaissances actuelles sur la relation entre la malocclusion et le système podal, ainsi qu’à tenter de clarifier l’intégration multidisciplinaire de l’orthodontie avec des spécialités telles que l’orthopédie ou la podologie. De plus, il sera également important de comprendre comment les traitements orthodontiques peuvent contribuer à la correction ou à l’amélioration des troubles podaux.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Má oclusão Sistema podal Postura dos pés Baropodometria