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Publication
O Empenho de Capacidades Militares em Missões de Apoio a Emergências Civis: Um Estudo do Enquadramento pelas Organizações Internacionais
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Authors
Carvalhal, Tiago Lourenço Soares
Abstract(s)
Tradicionalmente, associamos o emprego de forças militares à sua missão primária: defesa militar. No entanto, por gerarem e operarem recursos humanos e materiais altamente diferenciados e com potencial de duplo uso, as tarefas a serem realizadas pelas forças militares contemporâneas não se circunscrevem à defesa militar. Na atualidade, verificamos que cada vez mais existe a projeção de meios militares para um país estrangeiro com a finalidade de realizar operações de apoio militar a emergências civis fora do seu território. Esta projeção ocorre no âmbito de organizações internacionais ou de acordos bilaterais, por parte dos países cujas Forças Armadas possuem capacidades próprias de projeção de recursos. O presente projeto de investigação tem como objeto de estudo o modelo de apoio militar a emergências civis adotado pelas principais organizações internacionais a que Portugal pertence, sendo estas a União Europeia, Organização das Nações Unidas e Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte.
Através de um método de investigação qualitativo, de um modelo construtivista e de uma abordagem interpretativista no que diz respeito à prespectiva epistemológica, o presente estudo apresenta três fases: i) formulação das linhas de investigação; ii) Revisão bibliográfica e 3 entrevistas via telemática a entidades especializadas; iii) Análise/discussão dos resultados.
Os resultados obtidos revelam que as organizações internacionais da União Europeia e da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte possuem uma estrutura e métodos de agir semelhantes, no entanto, observa-se algumas diferenças, principalmente devido ao contexto para o qual foram estruturadas para atuar. A Organização das Nações Unidas é a organização que mais difere de todas, sendo que esta age principalmente como um meio de coordenação mundial na resposta a acidentes graves e catástrofes.
Traditionally, we associate the deployment of military forces with their primary mission: military defense. However, due to their ability to generate and operate highly specialized human and material resources with potential dual use, the tasks performed by contemporary military forces are not limited to military defense. Currently, we observe an increasing projection of military assets to foreign countries for the purpose of conducting Military Support to Civil Emergencies Operations beyond their own territory. This projection occurs within the framework of international organizations or bilateral agreements, by countries whose Armed Forces have their own capabilities for projecting resources. The present research project focuses on the model of Military Support to Civil Emergencies adopted by the main international organizations to which Portugal belongs, namely the European Union , United Nations, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Through a qualitative research method, a constructivist model, and an interpretivist approach regarding epistemological perspective, this study presents three phases: i) formulation of research lines; ii) Literature review and 3 telematic interviews with specialized entities; iii) Analysis/discussion of results. The obtained results reveal that the European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization, international organizations, have similar structures and methods of operation; however, some differences are observed mainly due to the context for which they were structured to operate. The United Nations is the organization that differs the most, acting primarily as a global coordination mechanism in response to serious accidents and disasters.
Traditionally, we associate the deployment of military forces with their primary mission: military defense. However, due to their ability to generate and operate highly specialized human and material resources with potential dual use, the tasks performed by contemporary military forces are not limited to military defense. Currently, we observe an increasing projection of military assets to foreign countries for the purpose of conducting Military Support to Civil Emergencies Operations beyond their own territory. This projection occurs within the framework of international organizations or bilateral agreements, by countries whose Armed Forces have their own capabilities for projecting resources. The present research project focuses on the model of Military Support to Civil Emergencies adopted by the main international organizations to which Portugal belongs, namely the European Union , United Nations, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Through a qualitative research method, a constructivist model, and an interpretivist approach regarding epistemological perspective, this study presents three phases: i) formulation of research lines; ii) Literature review and 3 telematic interviews with specialized entities; iii) Analysis/discussion of results. The obtained results reveal that the European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization, international organizations, have similar structures and methods of operation; however, some differences are observed mainly due to the context for which they were structured to operate. The United Nations is the organization that differs the most, acting primarily as a global coordination mechanism in response to serious accidents and disasters.
Description
Keywords
Acidentes Graves e Catástrofes Operações de Apoio Militar a Emergências civis União Europeia Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte Organização das Nações Unidas Serious Accidents and Disasters Military Support to Civil Emergencies Operations European Union North Atlantic Treaty Organization United Nations