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Catarata Hipermadura Unilateral Em Cadela Jovem - Caso Clínico
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Abstract(s)
As cataratas são uma das principais causas de cegueira em cães, e caracterizam-se por uma opacificação focal ou difusa do cristalino que impede a passagem da luz para a retina. Apresentam etiologia multifatorial, nomeadamente a foto oxidação por ação da radiação ultravioleta que origina a formação de precipitados que se acumulam e agregam no cristalino formando a catarata, desequilíbrios eletrolíticos no conteúdo aquoso do cristalino, alterações nas membranas das células epiteliais cuboides do cristalino, devido a inflamações ou por ação de radicais livres, e ainda alterações das fibras e das células do cristalino por ação mecânica e alterações durante a embriogénese.
As cataratas podem apresentar diversas etiologias, localizações e estadios de maturação. Quanto à origem podem classificar-se como hereditárias ou adquiridas; quanto à idade do animal podem ser congénitas, juvenis, adultas ou senis; podem-se apresentar em diferentes localizações capsulares, subcapsulares, corticais, nucleares ou equatoriais; e estadios de maturação - incipientes, imaturas, maduras ou hipermaduras. As cataratas senis são o tipo mais frequente em animais de companhia, ocorrem em animais geriátricos, apresentando-se frequentemente de forma bilateral e geralmente associados à idade ou a doenças e distúrbios metabólicos, como a diabetes mellitus. Os cães são os mais afetados, sendo rara em gatos.
O tratamento mais comum e com elevada taxa de sucesso para cataratas avançadas consiste na remoção cirúrgica por facoemulsificação, uma técnica minimamente invasiva que substitui o cristalino opacificado por uma lente artificial, com recurso a tecnologia avançada. A avaliação diagnóstica prévia detalhada, incluindo exames como a eletrorretinografia e a ultrassonografia ocular, é crucial para garantir o sucesso do tratamento e minimizar complicações pós-operatórias.
O presente trabalho visa relatar um caso clínico pouco comum, nomeadamente a catarata hipermadura unilateral num canídeo de cinco anos, de provável origem hereditária e sem nenhuma doença associada. Esta patologia está descrita como sendo mais frequente em animais de idade avançada (cataratas senis), normalmente a partir dos 11 anos de idade em cães de raças pequenas. Optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico aplicando a técnica da facoemulsificação, resultando na recuperação da visão do animal.
Cataracts are one of the main causes of blindness in dogs, and are characterized by a focal or diffuse opacification of the lens that prevents the passage of light to the retina. They have a multifactorial etiology, namely photooxidation by the action of ultraviolet radiation that causes the formation of precipitates that accumulate and aggregate in the lens forming cataracts, electrolyte imbalances in the aqueous content of the lens, changes in the membranes of the cuboid epithelial cells of the lens, due to inflammation or the action of free radicals, and also changes in the fibers and cells of the lens by mechanical action and changes during embryogenesis. Cataracts can have different etiologies, locations, and stages of maturation. As for origin, they can be classified as hereditary or acquired; as for the age of the animal, they can be congenital, juvenile, adult or senile; they can present in different capsular, subcapsular, cortical, nuclear or equatorial locations; and maturation stages - incipient, immature, mature or hypermature. Senile cataracts are the most frequent type in pets., They occur in geriatric animals, often presenting bilaterally and usually associated with age or metabolic diseases and disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Dogs are the most affected, being rare in cats. The most common treatment with a high success rate for advanced cataracts is surgical removal by phacoemulsification, a minimally invasive technique that replaces the opacified lens with an artificial lens, using advanced technology. Detailed prior diagnostic evaluation, including tests such as electroretinography and ocular ultrasound, is crucial to ensure the success of the treatment and minimize postoperative complications. The present study aims to report an uncommon clinical case, namely unilateral hypermature cataract in a five-year-old canid, of probable hereditary origin and without any associated disease. This pathology is described as being more frequent in animals of advanced age (senile cataracts), usually from 11 years of age. Surgical treatment was chosen by applying the phacoemulsification technique, resulting in the recovery of the animal's vision.
Cataracts are one of the main causes of blindness in dogs, and are characterized by a focal or diffuse opacification of the lens that prevents the passage of light to the retina. They have a multifactorial etiology, namely photooxidation by the action of ultraviolet radiation that causes the formation of precipitates that accumulate and aggregate in the lens forming cataracts, electrolyte imbalances in the aqueous content of the lens, changes in the membranes of the cuboid epithelial cells of the lens, due to inflammation or the action of free radicals, and also changes in the fibers and cells of the lens by mechanical action and changes during embryogenesis. Cataracts can have different etiologies, locations, and stages of maturation. As for origin, they can be classified as hereditary or acquired; as for the age of the animal, they can be congenital, juvenile, adult or senile; they can present in different capsular, subcapsular, cortical, nuclear or equatorial locations; and maturation stages - incipient, immature, mature or hypermature. Senile cataracts are the most frequent type in pets., They occur in geriatric animals, often presenting bilaterally and usually associated with age or metabolic diseases and disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Dogs are the most affected, being rare in cats. The most common treatment with a high success rate for advanced cataracts is surgical removal by phacoemulsification, a minimally invasive technique that replaces the opacified lens with an artificial lens, using advanced technology. Detailed prior diagnostic evaluation, including tests such as electroretinography and ocular ultrasound, is crucial to ensure the success of the treatment and minimize postoperative complications. The present study aims to report an uncommon clinical case, namely unilateral hypermature cataract in a five-year-old canid, of probable hereditary origin and without any associated disease. This pathology is described as being more frequent in animals of advanced age (senile cataracts), usually from 11 years of age. Surgical treatment was chosen by applying the phacoemulsification technique, resulting in the recovery of the animal's vision.
Description
Keywords
Canídeo Catarata Eletrorretinografia Facoemulsificação Lente Intraocular Visão Canid Cataract Electroretinography Phacoemulsification Intraocular Lens Vision