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Redesenhar o território de Pedrógão Grande. Contribuição para a implementação da Área Integrada de Gestão da Paisagem - Ribeira de Mega
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Vivemos hoje num país onde o fenómeno da litoralização, com uma concentração progressiva de pessoas e serviços junto à faixa litoral, ou às grandes cidades, está cada vez mais presente na nossa realidade, sendo que a ideia de ter uma casa e um terreno no campo já não é alvo de tanta procura como antigamente. Desde a década de sessenta, que este fenómeno tem vindo a aumentar, devido principalmente ao êxodo rural e à emigração, que fez aumentar as principais cidades do nosso país, Lisboa e Porto. Este fenómeno causa problemas nas zonas rurais como o envelhecimento da população, a desertificação de aldeias e o decréscimo da natalidade. O abandono das aldeias para as grandes cidades provoca também abandono das terras, que deixando de ser cultivadas, passam a ser ocupadas por matos e floresta desordenada. Este fator aliado a outros como, o desconhecimento dos limites da propriedade, dos proprietários; termos uma floresta de monocultura de eucalipto, ocupada também por espécies invasoras; aldeias com poucos moradores, sendo estes maioritariamente idosos, faz com que no caso de existir algum fenómeno, os danos possam ser de maiores dimensões. Desta forma, e sendo que o concelho de Pedrógão Grande acaba por ter todos os fatores de risco (floresta desordenada, população idosa, difíceis acessos às aldeias, etc.), o Município tem vindo a candidatar-se a projetos financiados de forma a alterar a paisagem, tornando esta mais resiliente, para que a proteção das aldeias, pessoas e bens seja garantida. O projeto alvo de maior destaque é a Área Integrada de Gestão da Paisagem – Ribeira de Mega, que tem como objetivo a alteração do uso do solo numa área de 1950ha, na zona Norte do concelho. Após a candidatura ser aprovada foi necessário efetuar trabalho de campo, pesquisa bibliográfica, legislação e documentação técnico-científica. Executaram-se também ações de sensibilização sobre o projeto, levantamentos das propriedades inseridas na AIGP e posterior inserção no BUPi, tendo ainda acompanhado a técnica do município a reuniões e outras ações relacionadas com o tema. De modo a dar continuidade à Transformação da Paisagem dos Territórios de Floresta Vulneráveis, o Município de Pedrógão Grande submeteu também uma candidatura relacionada com os designados “Condomínios de Aldeia: Programa Integrado de Apoio às Aldeias Localizadas em Territórios de Floresta”, que tem como objetivo tornar as aldeias mais resilientes aos incêndios. Após esta candidatura ser aprovada, iniciaram-se os trabalhos. No decorrer deste relatório, serão aprofundados os dois projetos acima mencionados, bem como as ações realizadas, os trabalhos de campo efetuados e os resultados dos mesmos, durante o período de estágio.Importa ainda referir que com o objetivo de caraterizar o concelho e os projetos, se recorreu a documentos cedidos pelo município, como o plano municipal de defesa da floresta contra incêndios (PMDFCI) e a memória descritiva das candidaturas da Área Integrada da Paisagem de Ribeira de Mega e dos Condomínios de Aldeia, bem como à pesquisa em materiais de informação mais genéricos.
Nowadays, we live in a country where the phenomenon of coastal urbanisation, with a progressive concentration of people and services along the coastline or in large cities, is increasingly present in our reality, and the idea of having a house and land in the countryside is not as sought after as it used to be.Due to rural exodus and emigration, our country's main cities, Lisbon and Porto, have grown in size since the 1960s.The phenomenon causes problems in rural areas, such as the ageing of the population, the desertification of villages, and a decline in birth rates. Villages are abandoned in favor of big cities, which causes the uncultivated land to become scrubland and disorderly forest.This factor, together with others such as the owners' lack of knowledge of the property’s limits, the fact that we have a forest of eucalyptus monoculture, which is also occupied by invasive species, and villages with few inhabitants, most of whom are elderly, means that if there is any phenomenon, the damage can be on a larger scale.In this way and given that the municipality of Pedrógão Grande has all the risk factors (disorderly forest, elderly population, difficult access to the villages, etc.), the municipality has been applying for funded projects to change the landscape, making it more resilient, so that the protection of the villages, people and goods is guaranteed.The most prominent project is the Integrated Landscape Management Area - Ribeira de Mega, which aims to change land use in an area of 1950 ha, in the north of the municipality. It was necessary to conduct fieldwork, bibliographical research, legal research, and technical and scientific documentation after the application was approved. Together with the municipality’s staff, I attended meetings and other activities related to the project, including awareness-raising activities, mapping of the AIGP properties, and their eventual inclusion in the BUPi.In order to continue with the Landscape Transformation of Vulnerable Forest Territories program, the municipality of Pedrógão Grande also submitted an application related to the so-called "Condomínios de Aldeia: Integrated Program to Support Villages Located in Forest Territories", which aims to make villages more resilient to fires. After this application was approved, we started with the assignments.During this paper, the two aforementioned projects will be discussed in depth, as well as the actions undertaken, the fieldwork carried out and their outcomes during the internship period.It is also important to mention that, in order to characterize the municipality and the projects, documents provided by the municipality were used, such as the municipal forest defense plan against fires (pmdfci) and the descriptive memory of the applications of the Integrated Landscape Management Area of Ribeira de Mega and the Condomínios de Aldeia, as well as research in more generic information materials
Nowadays, we live in a country where the phenomenon of coastal urbanisation, with a progressive concentration of people and services along the coastline or in large cities, is increasingly present in our reality, and the idea of having a house and land in the countryside is not as sought after as it used to be.Due to rural exodus and emigration, our country's main cities, Lisbon and Porto, have grown in size since the 1960s.The phenomenon causes problems in rural areas, such as the ageing of the population, the desertification of villages, and a decline in birth rates. Villages are abandoned in favor of big cities, which causes the uncultivated land to become scrubland and disorderly forest.This factor, together with others such as the owners' lack of knowledge of the property’s limits, the fact that we have a forest of eucalyptus monoculture, which is also occupied by invasive species, and villages with few inhabitants, most of whom are elderly, means that if there is any phenomenon, the damage can be on a larger scale.In this way and given that the municipality of Pedrógão Grande has all the risk factors (disorderly forest, elderly population, difficult access to the villages, etc.), the municipality has been applying for funded projects to change the landscape, making it more resilient, so that the protection of the villages, people and goods is guaranteed.The most prominent project is the Integrated Landscape Management Area - Ribeira de Mega, which aims to change land use in an area of 1950 ha, in the north of the municipality. It was necessary to conduct fieldwork, bibliographical research, legal research, and technical and scientific documentation after the application was approved. Together with the municipality’s staff, I attended meetings and other activities related to the project, including awareness-raising activities, mapping of the AIGP properties, and their eventual inclusion in the BUPi.In order to continue with the Landscape Transformation of Vulnerable Forest Territories program, the municipality of Pedrógão Grande also submitted an application related to the so-called "Condomínios de Aldeia: Integrated Program to Support Villages Located in Forest Territories", which aims to make villages more resilient to fires. After this application was approved, we started with the assignments.During this paper, the two aforementioned projects will be discussed in depth, as well as the actions undertaken, the fieldwork carried out and their outcomes during the internship period.It is also important to mention that, in order to characterize the municipality and the projects, documents provided by the municipality were used, such as the municipal forest defense plan against fires (pmdfci) and the descriptive memory of the applications of the Integrated Landscape Management Area of Ribeira de Mega and the Condomínios de Aldeia, as well as research in more generic information materials
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Keywords
Ordenamento gestão monocultura resiliência prevenção