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Escoramentos e reforços de emergência em situações de catástrofe
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.54 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os desastres naturais, especialmente sismos, causam efeitos danosos nas edificações e
infraestruturas. Para evitar o agravamento desses danos, podem aplicar-se escoramentos e outros
reforços de emergência. Estes permitem suportar temporariamente estruturas, proporcionando
estabilidade e segurança às operações de busca e salvamento e à continuidade das actividades
sociais e económicas.
Analisam-se documentos sobre as práticas adoptadas em países como EUA, Itália, Austrália, Brasil,
Espanha e Portugal, visando sintetizar a informação e apoiar futuras pesquisas, baseadas na recolha
bibliográfica sobre os manuais adoptados internacionalmente.
Apresentam-se escoramentos de sistema vertical, diagonal e horizontal, com variantes de cada
modelo, mostrando imagens das soluções e de algumas regras construtivas e dimensões
recomendadas.
Salientam-se as diferenças entre os vários manuais, novas tipologias de escoramento referidas, e
outras técnicas de reforço a adoptar como a aplicação de tirantes metálicos e cintagem e
encamisamento de pilares.
Apresentam-se casos reais de escoramentos em intervenções após sismo, sendo, os mais relevantes
os dos sismos de L’Aquila e Northridge, mostrando os diferentes escoramentos construídos e práticas
de reforço aplicadas.
Visando mostrar a potencial aplicação dos ensinamentos colhidos a situações portuguesas reais,
analisam-se possíveis soluções de escoramento e reforço em estruturas (sobretudo de igrejas)
danificas no sismo do Faial, Açores.
Finalmente, apresentam-se conclusões sobre a necessidade de utilização de escoramentos e
reforços provisórios em situações de emergência, e a eficácia e aplicabilidade das soluções
disponíveis. Faz-se ainda uma apreciação da possível evolução das técnicas de reforço para
situações de emergência, mencionando futuras acções de investigação neste domínio.
Abstract Natural disasters, especially earthquakes, produce harmful effects on buildings and infrastructures. To prevent the worsening of damage, shoring and other emergency reinforcements shall be applied. These allow temporary support to structures, providing stability and security to search and rescue operations and the continuity of economic and social activities. Some documents are presented reflecting the emergency shoring and strengthening practices adopted in the USA, Italy, Australia, Brazil, Spain and Portugal, aiming to synthesize the information and support future research, based on the bibliographic review on the internationally adopted manuals. Vertical, diagonal and horizontal shoring systems are presented, with variants for each model, together with images of practical solutions, construction rules and recommended dimensions. The differences between the manuals are highlighted, together with new shoring typologies and strengthening techniques as the use of rod metal bars and column tying and jacketing. Real shoring solutions applied in post-earthquake interventions are displayed, the more relevant being the L'Aquila and Northridge earthquakes, for which the applied shoring and strengthening procedures are shown. To show the potential application to the Portuguese territory of lessons learned from real-life situations, are analysed possible shoring and reinforcement solutions in structures (especially churches) damaged in the Faial earthquake, Azores. Finally, conclusions are presented about the need to use temporary shoring and reinforcements in emergency situations and on the effectiveness and applicability of the available solutions. Also analysed are possible future developments in the reinforcement techniques for emergency situations and future research activities in this field.
Abstract Natural disasters, especially earthquakes, produce harmful effects on buildings and infrastructures. To prevent the worsening of damage, shoring and other emergency reinforcements shall be applied. These allow temporary support to structures, providing stability and security to search and rescue operations and the continuity of economic and social activities. Some documents are presented reflecting the emergency shoring and strengthening practices adopted in the USA, Italy, Australia, Brazil, Spain and Portugal, aiming to synthesize the information and support future research, based on the bibliographic review on the internationally adopted manuals. Vertical, diagonal and horizontal shoring systems are presented, with variants for each model, together with images of practical solutions, construction rules and recommended dimensions. The differences between the manuals are highlighted, together with new shoring typologies and strengthening techniques as the use of rod metal bars and column tying and jacketing. Real shoring solutions applied in post-earthquake interventions are displayed, the more relevant being the L'Aquila and Northridge earthquakes, for which the applied shoring and strengthening procedures are shown. To show the potential application to the Portuguese territory of lessons learned from real-life situations, are analysed possible shoring and reinforcement solutions in structures (especially churches) damaged in the Faial earthquake, Azores. Finally, conclusions are presented about the need to use temporary shoring and reinforcements in emergency situations and on the effectiveness and applicability of the available solutions. Also analysed are possible future developments in the reinforcement techniques for emergency situations and future research activities in this field.
Description
Keywords
Escoramento Reforço Sismo Emergência