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Saúde mental positiva em adolescentes
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Abstract(s)
saúde mental positiva (SMP) diz respeito ao conjunto de caraterísticas psicossociais
positivas (satisfação pessoal, atitude pró-social, autocontrolo, autonomia, resolução de
problemas e habilidades de relação interpessoal) que, além de permitir à pessoa ter uma vida
plena e harmónica consigo própria e com a sociedade, protegem face ao desenvolvimento da
patologia mental. Este constructo baseia-se no conceito de que a saúde vai mais além da
ausência de doença e considera-se fundamental nas intervenções de promoção.
A patologia mental, contudo, é uma doença diagnosticável que afeta e altera todas as
dimensões que integram o ser humano: mental, física e social. Esta tem um impacto a nível
mundial e, embora afete todas as faixas etárias, a adolescência tem vindo a ser considerada
uma etapa de desenvolvimento especialmente crítica para o aparecimento dos primeiros
sintomas da patología mental.
Com isto, surge como principal motivação o desejo de analisar a SMP nos
adolescentes, o qual é identificado como o objetivo principal do mesmo. Da mesma forma,
decidiu-se analisar a influência das caraterísticas sociodemográficas, familiares e
comportamentais, assim como o impacto das experiências negativas de vida na SMP do
adolescente.
Optou-se, portanto, pela realização de um estudo quantitativo de carater exploratório,
descritivo e transversal cuja amostra é constituída por 276 adolescentes com idades
compreendidas entre 12 e 20 anos.O instrumento utilizado para o efeito foi o “Questionário
de Saúde Mental Positiva do Adolescente” composto por questões que visam recolher
caraterísticas sociodemográficas, familiares, comportamentais, etc. e pelo Questionário de
Saúde Mental Positiva (QSM+).
A SMP total dos adolescentes resultou num valor médio de 70,72. Entre os fatores que
integram este constructo, a atitude pró-social foi aquele que obteve níveis superiores nos
adolescentes enquanto o autocontrolo registou níveis inferiores. Os jovens de sexo masculino
da amostra mostraram níveis superiores de satisfação pessoal e autocontrolo e os do sexo
feminino níveis superiores de atitude pró-social. A violência no núcleo familiar e o bullying
resultaram ter um impacto negativo na satisfação pessoal e autocontrolo do jovem, da mesma
forma que dormir mais de oito horas e a ausência de problemas de saúde estiveram
relacionados com níveis superiores de satisfação pessoal.
Os adolescentes em estudo mostraram, portanto, bons níveis de SMP, o que pode ser
relacionado com estados de flourishing. Por fim, verificou-se a influência das caraterísticas
demográficas e de saúde, assim como de comportamentos e experiências negativas de vida na
SMP do adolescente.
Positive Mental Health (PHM) refers to the set of positive psychosocial characteristics (personal satisfaction, prosocial behavior, self-control, autonomy, problem solving and interpersonal relationship skills) that, in addition to allowing the person to have a full life and harmonious towards itself and society, protects against the development of mental illness. This construct is based on the concept that health goes beyond the absence of disease and it is fundamental in health promotion interventions. Mental disease, however, is a diagnosable disease that affects and disturbs all the dimensions that make up the human being: mental, physical and social. This has an impact worldwide and although it affects all groups of age, adolescence has been considered a particularly critical development stage for the appearance of the first symptoms of mental disorders. With this, it emerges as main motivation the desire to analyze the PHM in adolescents, which is identified as the principal objective of it. Similarly, it was decided to analyze the influence of sociodemographic, family and behavioral characteristics, as well as the impact of negative life experiences in adolescent PMH. It was decided, therefore, to carry out a quantitative exploratory study, descriptive and transversal whose sample consists of 276 adolescents aged between 12 and 20 years. The instrument used for this purpose was the “Adolescent’s Positive Mental Health Questionnaire" that includes questions with the purpose of collecting sociodemographic, family, behavioral characteristics, etc. and the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (QSM +). The adolescent’s total PMH resulted in an average of 70,72. Among the factors that comprise this construct, the prosocial attitude was the one who got higher levels in teens while the self-control recorded the lower levels. Young male sample showed higher levels of personal satisfaction and self-control while the female sample showed higher levels of prosocial attitude. Violence within the family and bullying resulted to have a negative impact on personal satisfaction and self-control of the young; as well as, sleeping more than eight hours and the absence of health problems were related to higher levels of personal satisfaction. The adolescents in the sample showed good levels of PMH, which can be associated with flourishing states. Finally, there was verified the influence of demographic and health characteristics, as well as behavior and negative life experiences in adolescent’s PMH.
Positive Mental Health (PHM) refers to the set of positive psychosocial characteristics (personal satisfaction, prosocial behavior, self-control, autonomy, problem solving and interpersonal relationship skills) that, in addition to allowing the person to have a full life and harmonious towards itself and society, protects against the development of mental illness. This construct is based on the concept that health goes beyond the absence of disease and it is fundamental in health promotion interventions. Mental disease, however, is a diagnosable disease that affects and disturbs all the dimensions that make up the human being: mental, physical and social. This has an impact worldwide and although it affects all groups of age, adolescence has been considered a particularly critical development stage for the appearance of the first symptoms of mental disorders. With this, it emerges as main motivation the desire to analyze the PHM in adolescents, which is identified as the principal objective of it. Similarly, it was decided to analyze the influence of sociodemographic, family and behavioral characteristics, as well as the impact of negative life experiences in adolescent PMH. It was decided, therefore, to carry out a quantitative exploratory study, descriptive and transversal whose sample consists of 276 adolescents aged between 12 and 20 years. The instrument used for this purpose was the “Adolescent’s Positive Mental Health Questionnaire" that includes questions with the purpose of collecting sociodemographic, family, behavioral characteristics, etc. and the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (QSM +). The adolescent’s total PMH resulted in an average of 70,72. Among the factors that comprise this construct, the prosocial attitude was the one who got higher levels in teens while the self-control recorded the lower levels. Young male sample showed higher levels of personal satisfaction and self-control while the female sample showed higher levels of prosocial attitude. Violence within the family and bullying resulted to have a negative impact on personal satisfaction and self-control of the young; as well as, sleeping more than eight hours and the absence of health problems were related to higher levels of personal satisfaction. The adolescents in the sample showed good levels of PMH, which can be associated with flourishing states. Finally, there was verified the influence of demographic and health characteristics, as well as behavior and negative life experiences in adolescent’s PMH.
Description
Keywords
Saúde mental positiva Adolescentes Promoção da Saúde