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A relevância da perceção e da mitigação do risco de inundações urbanas: o caso de Algés
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Abstract(s)
A crescente ocupação das bacias hidrográficas tem desencadeado um processo de impermeabilização dos solos sem precedentes. Os territórios têm-se tornando cada vez mais vulneráveis aos fenómenos de cheias rápida, devido à ocorrência de precipitação intensa em períodos de tempo relativamente curtos. As cheias de 1967 originaram vários mortos em Algés e verificou-se um aumento na impermeabilização desta bacia ao longo das últimas décadas. Por esta razão, serão de esperar impactos significativos em futuras ocorrências com períodos de retorno iguais ou superiores a 100 anos.
Por esta razão, a escolha desta temática centrou-se na relevância da perceção e da mitigação do risco de inundação na freguesia de Algés. Para a execução do estudo foi elaborado um questionário estruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas respondida por 30 inquiridos (moradores e comerciantes) sendo o tratamento dos dados realizado com ajuda da Microsoft Excel. Apesar de 46,2% moradores e 41,2% comerciantes terem experiência pessoal com os processos de inundação, nenhum dos inquiridos procura informação sobre esse risco e 61,5% moradores e nenhum dos comerciantes consultados recebem informação sobre o risco a que estão sujeitos, nem sobre as medidas adotar, durante e depois da ocorrência.
Neste trabalho foram propostas medidas mitigadoras estruturais para o controlo de água através da construção de bacias de retenção, modificação da bacia hidrográfica (relevo, vegetação, ocupação e uso dos solos) e diques transversais e de proteção da marginal e as medidas não estruturais através de politicas de desenvolvimento e ordenamento do território, planificação e controlo da ocupação e uso do solo, previsão e avisos de cheias e seguros contra cheias mas a implementação destes medida, por si só, não é suficiente é necessário completar essas medidas com a inclusão e participação das populações das áreas de risco é importante em todo processo de mitigação do risco de inundação, deve-se ensinar e esclarecer as pessoas sobre inundações, as suas causas, a forma de se protegerem e atuarem no caso de ocorrência e as medidas a adotarem para mitigar esse mesmo risco.
Fire The growing occupation of hydrographic basins has triggered an unprecedented process of soil sealing. Territories have become increasingly vulnerable to rapid flooding phenomena, due to the occurrence of intense precipitation in relatively short periods of time. The 1967 floods caused several deaths in Algés and there was an increase in the waterproofing of this basin over the last few decades. For this reason, significant impacts can be expected in future occurrences with payback periods equal to or greater than 100 years. For this reason, the relevance of the perception and mitigation of the risk of flooding in the parish of Algés was chosen, for the execution of the study, a structured questionnaire with open and closed questions answered by 30 respondents (residents and traders) and the processing of data with the help of Microsoft Excel. Although 46.2% residents and 41.2% traders have personal experience, none of the respondents seek information about this risk and 61.5% residents and 0% traders do not receive information about the risk to which they are subject or about the measures to be taken, during and after the event. In this work, structural mitigation measures were proposed for water control through the construction of retention basins, modification of the hydrographic basin (relief, vegetation, occupation and land use) and transverse dikes and protection of the marginal and non-structural measures through development and land use planning policies, land use and occupation planning and control, flood forecasting and warnings and flood insurance, but the implementation of these measures alone is not enough, it is necessary to complete these measures with inclusion and participation of populations in risk areas is important in the entire process of mitigating the risk of flooding, people must be taught and explained about floods, their causes, how to protect themselves and act in the event of an occurrence and the measures to be adopted to mitigate that same risk.
Fire The growing occupation of hydrographic basins has triggered an unprecedented process of soil sealing. Territories have become increasingly vulnerable to rapid flooding phenomena, due to the occurrence of intense precipitation in relatively short periods of time. The 1967 floods caused several deaths in Algés and there was an increase in the waterproofing of this basin over the last few decades. For this reason, significant impacts can be expected in future occurrences with payback periods equal to or greater than 100 years. For this reason, the relevance of the perception and mitigation of the risk of flooding in the parish of Algés was chosen, for the execution of the study, a structured questionnaire with open and closed questions answered by 30 respondents (residents and traders) and the processing of data with the help of Microsoft Excel. Although 46.2% residents and 41.2% traders have personal experience, none of the respondents seek information about this risk and 61.5% residents and 0% traders do not receive information about the risk to which they are subject or about the measures to be taken, during and after the event. In this work, structural mitigation measures were proposed for water control through the construction of retention basins, modification of the hydrographic basin (relief, vegetation, occupation and land use) and transverse dikes and protection of the marginal and non-structural measures through development and land use planning policies, land use and occupation planning and control, flood forecasting and warnings and flood insurance, but the implementation of these measures alone is not enough, it is necessary to complete these measures with inclusion and participation of populations in risk areas is important in the entire process of mitigating the risk of flooding, people must be taught and explained about floods, their causes, how to protect themselves and act in the event of an occurrence and the measures to be adopted to mitigate that same risk.
Description
Keywords
Cheias rápidas, Perceção da população e comerciantes, Mitigação do risco Flash floods, Perception of the population and traders, Risk mitigation