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Beyond the core: The role of supplementary short tandem repeats in forensic genetics

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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas
dc.contributor.authorRamos, Vitória
dc.contributor.authorFerreira da Silva, Benedita
dc.contributor.authorFadoni, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorAmorim, António
dc.contributor.authorCainé, Laura
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-06T13:47:48Z
dc.date.available2026-07-06T13:47:48Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractConventional forensic DNA profiling predominantly utilizes established core sets of au-tosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), such as the FBI’s Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and the European Standard Set (ESS). While these panels are effective for stand-ard forensic casework, they may be inadequate in more demanding scenarios, including severely degraded samples, complex multi-contributor mixtures, and kinship cases with deficiencies, where enhanced discriminatory capability is crucial. Additional non-core STR loci address these challenges while maintaining the non-coding, phenotypically un-informative nature that ensures the legal and ethical acceptability of forensic genetic evi-dence in court. This review assesses the forensic applications, population genetic param-eters, validation requirements, and ethical considerations associated with non-core STR loci. A representative supplementary STR panel is presented as a case study to illustrate both the forensic value and the analytical requirements associated with the implementa-tion of extended non-core STR systems. Challenges in implementation were identified in areas such as nomenclature standardization, backward compatibility with existing na-tional databases, and geographic gaps in population reference data. The review concludes that a hybrid strategy, which retains core capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based profiling for routine casework and employs extended non-core panels for complex cases, represents the most practical path for the field.eng
dc.identifier.citationRamos, V., Ferreira-Silva, B., Fadoni, J., Amorim, A., & Cainé, L. (2026). Beyond the core: The role of supplementary short tandem repeats in forensic genetics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(13), 5756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27135756
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijms27135756
dc.identifier.issn1422-0067
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/63742
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/13/5756
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectShort Tandem Repeats
dc.subjectForensic Genetics
dc.subjectNon-Core Markers
dc.subjectInvestigator® HDplex
dc.subjectHuman Identification
dc.subjectPopulation Genetics
dc.subjectValidation
dc.subjectMassively Parallel Sequencing
dc.titleBeyond the core: The role of supplementary short tandem repeats in forensic geneticseng
dc.typereview article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue13
oaire.citation.startPage5756
oaire.citation.titleInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
oaire.citation.volume27
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameFerreira da Silva
person.familyNameFadoni
person.familyNameAmorim
person.familyNameCainé
person.givenNameBenedita
person.givenNameJennifer
person.givenNameAntónio
person.givenNameLaura
person.identifierAAR-9087-2020
person.identifier.ciencia-id7715-6D9A-CB35
person.identifier.ciencia-id021A-33DD-869D
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5643-0454
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7593-1059
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7506-4426
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6542-4256
person.identifier.ridA-4414-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35253426400
person.identifier.scopus-author-id2311978
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationcce80a8e-d46e-4ee2-aca1-b120ee93a034
relation.isAuthorOfPublication3b4805b7-1f1b-4fcf-b159-875b8ec89084
relation.isAuthorOfPublication71c1447c-fe17-438b-bba1-256e3abdb87a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication1a1e1ffc-1439-48f2-a4c3-359c66db3ad1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverycce80a8e-d46e-4ee2-aca1-b120ee93a034

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