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Famílias nucleares com membro da família a vivenciar transição para a reforma: Projeto de desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especializadas na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar
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A Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar presta cuidados de saúde à família como unidade em transformação, ao longo do seu ciclo vital, sujeita a transições normativas e acidentais. Este relatório faz uma descrição critico reflexiva das atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito das Unidades Curriculares de Estágio de Natureza Profissional com Relatório – Módulo I e Módulo II, do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar, da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Com este estágio pretendeu-se desenvolver competências específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar e também competências comuns do enfermeiro especialista. Definiram-se como objetivos: cuidar das famílias em transição para a reforma, enquanto unidade de cuidados e de cada um dos seus membros ao longo do ciclo vital e aos diferentes níveis de prevenção; liderar e colaborar nos processos de intervenção, no âmbito da Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar. A prestação de cuidados às famílias e aos seus membros individualmente, teve por base o Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar e a Teoria das Transições respetivamente. Foram utilizadas técnicas transversais e específicas de intervenção familiar na concretização das intervenções implementadas, necessárias para a obtenção de ganhos em saúde nas famílias. Entre as técnicas utilizadas estão questões lineares, reflexivas, circulares, hipotéticas e de escala, e como técnicas de intervenção familiar, foram aplicadas o reenquadramento, conotação positiva, a prescrição paradoxal, o ritual terapêutico, assim como a entrevista motivacional, como técnica de intervenção individual. A área da atenção satisfação conjugal foi o domínio mais afetado pela transição para a reforma, sendo que com as intervenções implementadas, houve uma modificação positiva no estado de diagnóstico em duas famílias. No que se refere à avaliação individual, verificou-se que a falta de conhecimento sobre os recursos existentes na comunidade foi das necessidades mais sentidas, no entanto, foi também possível a modificação positiva no estado de diagnóstico em todos os indivíduos. Ao longo do percurso de estágio, foi identificada a necessidade na equipa de enfermagem de formação, com a temática “Saúde Familiar e Documentação em Enfermagem”. Esta contribui para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e competências, assim como para a mudança de comportamentos nas práticas da documentação dos cuidados. Em síntese, todas as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo dos estágios facilitaram no processo de aquisição de competências e no contributo positivo para as famílias a vivenciar a transição para a reforma.
The Family Health Nursing provides health care to the family as a unit in transformation, throughout its life cycle, subject to normative and accidental transitions. This report makes a critical and reflective description of the activities developed within the scope of the Curricular Units of Estágio de Natureza Profissional com Relatório – Módulo I e Módulo II, of the Master's Degree in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing, of the Nursing School of Porto. With this internship it was intended to develop specific competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing and also common competencies of the specialist nurse. The objectives were: to take care of families in transition to retirement, as a care unit and each of its members throughout the life cycle and at different levels of prevention; lead and collaborate in intervention processes within the scope of Family Health Nursing. The provision of care to families and their individual members was based on the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention and the Theory of Transitions, respectively. Cross-cutting techniques and family intervention were used in the implementation of the interventions, which are necessary to obtain health gains in families. Among the techniques used are linear, reflective, circular, hypothetical and scale questions, and as family intervention techniques, reframing, positive connotation, paradoxical prescription, therapeutic ritual, as well as motivational interviewing were applied. The area of marital satisfaction was the domain most affected by the transition to retirement, in which the interventions implemented caused a positive change in the diagnosis status in two families. With regard to the individual evaluation, it was found that the lack of knowledge about the existing resources in the community was one of the most felt needs, however, it was also possible to positively modify the diagnosis status in all individuals. Regarding the nursing team alocated in the intership course, it was identified the need of a formation with the theme "Family Health and Documentation in Nursing". This contributed to the development of knowledge and skills, as well as to the change of behaviours in care documentation practices. In summary, all the activities developed throughout the internships facilitated the process of acquiring skills and the positive contribution for families to experience the transition to retirement.
The Family Health Nursing provides health care to the family as a unit in transformation, throughout its life cycle, subject to normative and accidental transitions. This report makes a critical and reflective description of the activities developed within the scope of the Curricular Units of Estágio de Natureza Profissional com Relatório – Módulo I e Módulo II, of the Master's Degree in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing, of the Nursing School of Porto. With this internship it was intended to develop specific competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing and also common competencies of the specialist nurse. The objectives were: to take care of families in transition to retirement, as a care unit and each of its members throughout the life cycle and at different levels of prevention; lead and collaborate in intervention processes within the scope of Family Health Nursing. The provision of care to families and their individual members was based on the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention and the Theory of Transitions, respectively. Cross-cutting techniques and family intervention were used in the implementation of the interventions, which are necessary to obtain health gains in families. Among the techniques used are linear, reflective, circular, hypothetical and scale questions, and as family intervention techniques, reframing, positive connotation, paradoxical prescription, therapeutic ritual, as well as motivational interviewing were applied. The area of marital satisfaction was the domain most affected by the transition to retirement, in which the interventions implemented caused a positive change in the diagnosis status in two families. With regard to the individual evaluation, it was found that the lack of knowledge about the existing resources in the community was one of the most felt needs, however, it was also possible to positively modify the diagnosis status in all individuals. Regarding the nursing team alocated in the intership course, it was identified the need of a formation with the theme "Family Health and Documentation in Nursing". This contributed to the development of knowledge and skills, as well as to the change of behaviours in care documentation practices. In summary, all the activities developed throughout the internships facilitated the process of acquiring skills and the positive contribution for families to experience the transition to retirement.
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Keywords
Transição Reforma Envelhecimento Família Enfermagem Saúde Familiar Relatório de estágio