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Práticas ergonómicas em regime de teletrabalho: um estudo de caso
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O cenário pandémico associado às graves repercussões ao nível da saúde da população exigiu uma análise profunda e consequente readaptação dos postos de trabalho; tendo sido uma das opções mais pertinentes contra o contágio do vírus, a aplicação do regime de teletrabalho. Este tipo de regime permitiu assim minimizar/eliminar o risco de contágio do vírus visto que, as pessoas começaram a trabalhar a partir de casa, estando assim distantes dos seus colegas e do seu local de trabalho presencial.
Contudo, nem todas as pessoas estavam habituadas a trabalhar nesse regime o que coagiu a que as mesmas arranjassem um espaço na sua casa para puder trabalhar ou assistir às formações, espaço esse específico com elementos ergonómicos ou meramente um espaço improvisado; dependendo das condições de cada pessoa e da relevância que cada uma atribui à temática ergonómica. O facto de muitas pessoas não possuírem boas condições para criarem um espaço de trabalho devidamente confortável e ergonómico e; não atribuírem relevância ao tema da ergonomia (não aplicando assim as devidas práticas ergonómicas) contribui para a manifestação de diversos sintomas físicos, psicológicos e ambos e, consequentemente o surgimento das designadas doenças profissionais. Neste sentido, torna-se interessante aprofundar esta temática de modo a complementar os estudos já existentes. Assim, com este trabalho de investigação, de caráter descritivo e também exploratório, pretende-se como objetivo geral identificar e analisar as práticas ergonómicas em regime de teletrabalho, tendo como foco a área da formação. A questão de partida do presente estudo de caso é “quais são as (boas) práticas ergonómicas de formandos inseridos em formações em regime e-learning? Ou são estes suscetíveis de desenvolver uma doença profissional?”. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso, escolhendo-se como técnica de recolha de dados o inquérito por questionário e pesquisa bibliográfica relativa à temática abordada. Como principais instrumentos para tratamento dos dados, optou-se pela análise estatística. A amostra foi composta por 48 formandos inseridos em regime de teletrabalho, tendo estes respondido a um inquérito por questionário, por meio do Google Forms, no decorrer do mês de Julho do presente ano. Os resultados obtidos traduzem-se, em termos gerais, na ausência de preocupação e inexistência de aplicação das consideradas boas práticas ergonómicas por parte dos formandos, o que os torna suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de doenças profissionais. Tal facto é apoiado pelo enquadramento teórico que confirma uma relação direta entre a existência de más práticas ergonómicas/inexistência de práticas ergonómicas e o desenvolvimento de doenças profissionais. A existência e aplicação de boas práticas ergonómicas por parte dos formandos inseridos em regime de teletrabalho, sem prejuízo da sua saúde física e mental, exige assim, a existência de um conjunto de elementos devidamente ergonómicos bem como a veiculação de informação sobre as práticas ergonómicas corretas a adotar.
The pandemic scenario, coupled with the serious repercussions on the population's health, required an in-depth analysis and consequent readjustment of jobs; one of the most pertinent options against contagion of the virus was the application of teleworking. This type of system made it possible to minimize/eliminate the risk of the virus spreading, since people started working from home, thus being far away from their colleagues and their face-to-face workplace. However, not everyone was used to working in this way, which meant that they had to find a space in their home where they could work or attend training sessions, either a specific space with ergonomic elements or just a makeshift space; depending on the conditions of each person and the importance they attach to ergonomics. The fact that many people don't have the right conditions to create a properly comfortable and ergonomic workspace and don't attach any importance to the subject of ergonomics (and therefore don't apply the appropriate ergonomic practices) contributes to the manifestation of various physical, psychological, and other symptoms and, consequently, the emergence of what are known as occupational illnesses. In this sense, it is interesting to delve deeper into this subject in order to complement existing studies. The general aim of this descriptive and exploratory research project is to identify and analyze ergonomic practices in teleworking, focusing on the area of training. The starting question for this case study is "What are the (good) ergonomic practices of trainees in e-learning training? Or are they likely to develop an occupational disease?". The methodology used was a case study, with a questionnaire survey and bibliographic research on the subject being chosen as the data collection technique. Statistical analysis was chosen as the main tool for processing the data. The sample consisted of 48 trainees working remotely, who answered a questionnaire using Google Forms in July of this year. The results obtained show, in general terms, a lack of concern and non-application of what are considered good ergonomic practices on the part of the trainees, which makes them susceptible to developing occupational illnesses. This is supported by the theoretical framework, which confirms a direct relationship between the existence of poor ergonomic practices and the development of occupational illnesses. The existence and application of good ergonomic practices by teleworking trainees, without harming their physical and mental health, therefore requires the existence of a set of properly ergonomic elements as well as the dissemination of information on the correct ergonomic practices to adopt.
The pandemic scenario, coupled with the serious repercussions on the population's health, required an in-depth analysis and consequent readjustment of jobs; one of the most pertinent options against contagion of the virus was the application of teleworking. This type of system made it possible to minimize/eliminate the risk of the virus spreading, since people started working from home, thus being far away from their colleagues and their face-to-face workplace. However, not everyone was used to working in this way, which meant that they had to find a space in their home where they could work or attend training sessions, either a specific space with ergonomic elements or just a makeshift space; depending on the conditions of each person and the importance they attach to ergonomics. The fact that many people don't have the right conditions to create a properly comfortable and ergonomic workspace and don't attach any importance to the subject of ergonomics (and therefore don't apply the appropriate ergonomic practices) contributes to the manifestation of various physical, psychological, and other symptoms and, consequently, the emergence of what are known as occupational illnesses. In this sense, it is interesting to delve deeper into this subject in order to complement existing studies. The general aim of this descriptive and exploratory research project is to identify and analyze ergonomic practices in teleworking, focusing on the area of training. The starting question for this case study is "What are the (good) ergonomic practices of trainees in e-learning training? Or are they likely to develop an occupational disease?". The methodology used was a case study, with a questionnaire survey and bibliographic research on the subject being chosen as the data collection technique. Statistical analysis was chosen as the main tool for processing the data. The sample consisted of 48 trainees working remotely, who answered a questionnaire using Google Forms in July of this year. The results obtained show, in general terms, a lack of concern and non-application of what are considered good ergonomic practices on the part of the trainees, which makes them susceptible to developing occupational illnesses. This is supported by the theoretical framework, which confirms a direct relationship between the existence of poor ergonomic practices and the development of occupational illnesses. The existence and application of good ergonomic practices by teleworking trainees, without harming their physical and mental health, therefore requires the existence of a set of properly ergonomic elements as well as the dissemination of information on the correct ergonomic practices to adopt.
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Práticas Ergonómicas Teletrabalho Formação Inquérito por Questionário Ergonomic Practices Telework Training Questionnaire Survey