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Barreiras arquitetónicas e autocuidado: um estudo descritivo em clientes alvo de hospitalização domiciliária
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Authors
Abstract(s)
Tema: As barreiras arquitetónicas podem limitar a mobilidade de qualquer
indivíduo, constrangendo a acessibilidade e a independência funcional.
Objetivos: Caracterizar os clientes internados numa unidade de hospitalização
domiciliária de um hospital do norte de Portugal, descrever o nível de independência
funcional dos participantes e as barreiras arquitetónicas das instalações sanitárias na
habitação.
Material e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado entre
março e junho de 2020. Os instrumentos de colheita de dados incluem um questionário
de caracterização; uma grelha de observação, elaborados pela equipa de investigação
(baseadas no Decreto-Lei nº 163/2006 de 8 de agosto); e o Índice de Barthel. A análise
de dados foi realizada com recurso a estatística descritiva simples.
Resultados: A amostra constituída por 21 participantes, maioritariamente do sexo
feminino (52,4%), com idade média de 66,9 (±19) anos e independentes no autocuidado
(57,1%). A maioria residia em habitação própria (61,9%), cuja casa de banho, tinha
banheira (66,7%), acessível sem dificuldade (38,1%), ou base de duche acessível sem
dificuldade (19,0%). Contudo, 95,2% não tinham barras de apoio. Em 47,6% e 61,9% dos
casos, a sanita e o lavatório, respetivamente, foram considerados acessíveis sem
dificuldade. Outros resultados incluíram: espelho não acessível (47,6%); controlos e
mecanismos operáveis, com alcance frontal, acessíveis sem dificuldade (61,9%); vãos de
porta acessíveis com dificuldade (52,4%) e puxadores acessíveis sem dificuldade
(71,4%). As dimensões das casas de banho avaliadas não permitiam a rotação de 360º
com cadeira de rodas em 47,6% dos casos.
Conclusão: Os resultados revelam comprometimento da acessibilidade nas
instalações sanitárias desta amostra, que podem limitar a independência funcional.
Salientam-se as competências do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de reabilitação
na capacitação da pessoa com deficiência ou limitação da atividade e na promoção da
mobilidade e acessibilidade, identificando as barreiras arquitetónicas e orientando para a
sua eliminação.
Theme: Architectural barriers can limit the mobility of any individual, constraining accessibility and functional independence. Objectives: To characterize patients admitted to a home care unit of a hospital in the north of Portugal, to describe the level of functional independence of the participants and the architectural barriers of the sanitary facilities in the home. Material and Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out between March and June 2020. Data collection instruments include a characterization questionnaire; an observation grid, prepared by the research team (based on Decree Law nº 163/2006 of August 8); and the Barthel Index. Data analysis was carried out using simple descriptive statistics. Results: The sample consisted of 21 participants, mostly female (52,4%), with an average age of 66,9 (±19) years and independent in self-care (57,1%). The majority lived in their own home (61,9%), whose bathroom had a bathtub (66,7%), accessible without difficulty (38,1%), or a shower tray accessible without difficulty (19,0%). However, 95,2% did not have grab bars. Respectively, in 47,6% and 61,9% of cases, the toilet and washbasin, were considered accessible without difficulty. Other results included: mirror not accessible (47,6%); operable controls and mechanisms, with frontal reach, accessible without difficulty (61,9%); doorways accessible with difficulty (52,4%) and handles accessible without difficulty (71,4%). The dimensions of the bathrooms evaluated did not allow 360º rotation with a wheelchair in 47,6% of cases. Conclusion: The results reveal compromised accessibility in the sanitary facilities of this sample, which may limit functional independence. The skills of the rehabilitation nurse are emphasized trough the empowerment and improvement of disabled people mobility and accessibility and by the identification of architectural barriers, while providing guidance on their elimination
Theme: Architectural barriers can limit the mobility of any individual, constraining accessibility and functional independence. Objectives: To characterize patients admitted to a home care unit of a hospital in the north of Portugal, to describe the level of functional independence of the participants and the architectural barriers of the sanitary facilities in the home. Material and Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out between March and June 2020. Data collection instruments include a characterization questionnaire; an observation grid, prepared by the research team (based on Decree Law nº 163/2006 of August 8); and the Barthel Index. Data analysis was carried out using simple descriptive statistics. Results: The sample consisted of 21 participants, mostly female (52,4%), with an average age of 66,9 (±19) years and independent in self-care (57,1%). The majority lived in their own home (61,9%), whose bathroom had a bathtub (66,7%), accessible without difficulty (38,1%), or a shower tray accessible without difficulty (19,0%). However, 95,2% did not have grab bars. Respectively, in 47,6% and 61,9% of cases, the toilet and washbasin, were considered accessible without difficulty. Other results included: mirror not accessible (47,6%); operable controls and mechanisms, with frontal reach, accessible without difficulty (61,9%); doorways accessible with difficulty (52,4%) and handles accessible without difficulty (71,4%). The dimensions of the bathrooms evaluated did not allow 360º rotation with a wheelchair in 47,6% of cases. Conclusion: The results reveal compromised accessibility in the sanitary facilities of this sample, which may limit functional independence. The skills of the rehabilitation nurse are emphasized trough the empowerment and improvement of disabled people mobility and accessibility and by the identification of architectural barriers, while providing guidance on their elimination
Description
Curso de Mestrado ministrado em parceria com Escola Superior de Enfermagem S. José de Cluny e Escola Superior de Enfermagem Dr. José Timóteo Montalvão Machado
Keywords
Acessibilidade Autocuidado Enfermagem em Reabilitação Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar