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Da teoria à prática: a resposta policial perante o fenómeno extremista
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Resumo(s)
O extremismo representa um desafio complexo e dinâmico para a atuação policial, em todo o mundo. Assim, a eficácia da resposta policial depende de uma formação que permita a identificação precoce de grupos, símbolos e indicadores comportamentais associados a ideologias extremistas. Atualmente existe uma lacuna significativa na literatura, no que diz respeito aos conhecimentos dos polícias sobre o extremismo e à autoeficácia específica neste domínio, para lidar com situações relacionadas com o extremismo. Neste contexto, o presente estudo visa analisar em que medida a formação em extremismo influencia a autoeficácia profissional dos polícias da Polícia de Segurança Pública, considerando o papel mediador do conhecimento objetivo sobre grupos e simbologias extremistas. Recorreu-se a um desenho quantitativo, observacional e transversal, com a aplicação de um questionário online a polícias, em exercício de funções no Comando Metropolitano de Lisboa (N = 192). Foram avaliados dados sociodemográficos, a formação, a perceção de autoeficácia específica e o conhecimento objetivo relativo à identificação de grupos e simbologias extremistas. Os resultados revelaram que a formação em extremismo não produziu diferenças estatisticamente significativas nem no conhecimento objetivo, nem na autoeficácia. Verificou-se, contudo, uma associação positiva, fraca, mas estatisticamente significativa, entre conhecimento objetivo e autoeficácia. A análise de mediação não confirmou o papel mediador do conhecimento objetivo na relação entre formação e autoeficácia. Conclui-se que a mera existência formal de formação poderá ser insuficiente, sugerindo-se a necessidade de modelos formativos mais consistentes, práticos e operacionalmente orientados, capazes de reforçar a preparação policial perante o fenómeno extremista.
Extremism encompasses a complex and dynamic challenge to law enforcement worldwide. Thus, the effectiveness of the police response depends on training that enables the early identification of groups, symbols, and behavioral indicators associated with extremist ideologies. Currently, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding police knowledge of extremism and domain-specific self-efficacy in dealing with extremist-related situations. In this context, this study focus on examining the extent to which training on extremism influences the domain-specific self-efficacy of portuguese police officers, considering the mediating role of objective knowledge about extremist groups and symbols. A quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional design was employed, involving the administration of an online questionnaire to police officers on duty at the Lisbon Metropolitan Command (N = 192). Sociodemographic data, training, perceptions of specific self-efficacy, and objective knowledge regarding the identification of extremist groups and symbols were assessed. The results revealed that training on extremism did not produce statistically significant differences in either objective knowledge or self-efficacy. However, a weak but statistically significant positive association was found between objective knowledge and self-efficacy. The mediation analysis did not confirm the mediating role of objective knowledge in the relationship between training and self-efficacy. It is concluded that the mere formal existence of training may be insufficient, suggesting the need for more consistent, practical, and operationally oriented training models capable of strengthening police preparedness in the face of the extremist phenomenon.
Extremism encompasses a complex and dynamic challenge to law enforcement worldwide. Thus, the effectiveness of the police response depends on training that enables the early identification of groups, symbols, and behavioral indicators associated with extremist ideologies. Currently, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding police knowledge of extremism and domain-specific self-efficacy in dealing with extremist-related situations. In this context, this study focus on examining the extent to which training on extremism influences the domain-specific self-efficacy of portuguese police officers, considering the mediating role of objective knowledge about extremist groups and symbols. A quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional design was employed, involving the administration of an online questionnaire to police officers on duty at the Lisbon Metropolitan Command (N = 192). Sociodemographic data, training, perceptions of specific self-efficacy, and objective knowledge regarding the identification of extremist groups and symbols were assessed. The results revealed that training on extremism did not produce statistically significant differences in either objective knowledge or self-efficacy. However, a weak but statistically significant positive association was found between objective knowledge and self-efficacy. The mediation analysis did not confirm the mediating role of objective knowledge in the relationship between training and self-efficacy. It is concluded that the mere formal existence of training may be insufficient, suggesting the need for more consistent, practical, and operationally oriented training models capable of strengthening police preparedness in the face of the extremist phenomenon.
Descrição
Mestrado em Ciências Policiais – Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Policia
Palavras-chave
formação policial autoeficácia conhecimento objetivo PSP extremismo extremism police training self-efficacy objective knowledge