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Ácido hialurónico : uma molécula versátil
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Abstract(s)
O ácido hialurónico (AH) é um glicosaminoglicano (GAG) extremamente versátil e com distribuição ubíqua no corpo humano. A molécula é um polímero linear longo, que tem como unidade monomérica o dissacarídeo composto por Ácido D-glucurónico (GlcUA) e N-acetil-D-glucosamina (GlcNAc). A estrutura permite que se apresente no corpo humano em diversas dimensões e conformações a que correspondem diferentes massas moleculares, e que estabeleça múltiplas ligações com outras moléculas. Deste modo, o AH participa em inúmeras funções fisiológicas, mas também podendo estar associado a patologias, o que aumenta a importância do seu estudo no âmbito da área da saúde.
De modo a compreender como é que atua, é necessário perceber os fundamentos químicos relacionados com a mesma, desde a sua síntese até à sua degradação. Esta revisão bibliográfica aborda a bioquímica e a genética do hialuronano, correlacionando com a sua aplicabilidade e versatilidade nas diversas áreas da medicina dentária.
A utilização do AH é uma opção de terapêutica não invasiva, clinicamente simples e eficaz no tratamento de algumas das principais disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM), tais como o deslocamento do disco com e sem redução, e de doenças articulares degenerativas como a osteoartrite e a osteoartrose. Neste contexto, a molécula assume funções mecânicas, química e trófica.
Outros ramos da medicina dentária que usufruem da versatilidade da molécula são a cirurgia e patologia oral, a periodontologia e a implantologia. Nestes casos, o hialuronano é utilizado como um tratamento coadjuvante, que estimula a cicatrização e neogénese dos tecidos envolvidos e ajuda a reduzir a inflamação e dor associadas.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an extremely versatile and ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the human body. The molecule consists of a long linear polymer, which repeats a disaccharide monomer composed of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Its chemical structure allows for it to appear in the human body in different dimensions and conformations, with different molecular masses, and to establish multiple bonds with other molecules. Thus, HA participates in numerous physiological and pathological functions, which justifies the importance of its study in the health field. In order to understand how the substance works, it is necessary to understand the chemical fundamentals related to the molecule, from its synthesis to its degradation. This literature review addresses the biochemistry and genetic regulation of hyaluronan, thus clarifying its applicability and versatility in different areas of dental medicine. More specifically, its main uses in temporomandibular disorders, oral surgery, oral pathology, periodontology and implantology are explained. HA is a non-invasive, clinically simple and effective treatment option in the treatment of some of the main temporomandibular disorders (TMD), such as disc displacement with and without reduction, and degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis. In this context, the substance assumes mechanical, chemical, and trophic functions. Other branches of dentistry that benefit from the molecule's versatility are oral surgery and pathology, periodontology and implantology. In these cases, hyaluronan is used as an adjunctive treatment, which stimulates healing and neogenesis of the tissues involved and helps to reduce the associated inflammation and pain.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an extremely versatile and ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the human body. The molecule consists of a long linear polymer, which repeats a disaccharide monomer composed of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Its chemical structure allows for it to appear in the human body in different dimensions and conformations, with different molecular masses, and to establish multiple bonds with other molecules. Thus, HA participates in numerous physiological and pathological functions, which justifies the importance of its study in the health field. In order to understand how the substance works, it is necessary to understand the chemical fundamentals related to the molecule, from its synthesis to its degradation. This literature review addresses the biochemistry and genetic regulation of hyaluronan, thus clarifying its applicability and versatility in different areas of dental medicine. More specifically, its main uses in temporomandibular disorders, oral surgery, oral pathology, periodontology and implantology are explained. HA is a non-invasive, clinically simple and effective treatment option in the treatment of some of the main temporomandibular disorders (TMD), such as disc displacement with and without reduction, and degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis. In this context, the substance assumes mechanical, chemical, and trophic functions. Other branches of dentistry that benefit from the molecule's versatility are oral surgery and pathology, periodontology and implantology. In these cases, hyaluronan is used as an adjunctive treatment, which stimulates healing and neogenesis of the tissues involved and helps to reduce the associated inflammation and pain.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Ácido hialurónico Medicina dentária Versatilidade Aplicabilidade