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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente estudo pretende analisar o sistema, incluindo a rede de distribuição,
atual do Perímetro Hidroagrícola do Caia e propor soluções que visem a sua
sustentabilidade. As perdas de água ao longo da rede de distribuição do
perímetro
aproximavam-se
de
46%
no
ano
2011
no
entanto,
com
a
implementação de melhorias como o revestimento dos canais, a criação de
reservatórios intercalares ou o uso de telegestão, essas perdas diminuíram para
20% em 2016. O sistema de fornecimento gravítico de água, é considerado na
atualidade obsoleto, uma vez que a quantidade de água fornecida é muito
variável e superior aos pedidos de modo a permitir cota suficiente nos canais, o
que origina perdas de água significativas em particular nos terminais da rede.
O estágio realizado na Associação de Beneficiários do Caia (ABCaia) focou a
análise da rede de distribuição do Perímetro Hidroagrícola do Caia. Adicionalmente,
com o intuito de promover uma consciencialização para uma utilização racional da
água analisou-se a gestão da água ao nível da parcela, tendo sindo selecionadas
para a análise, as culturas mais representativas na área de interesse do Perímetro.
O estudo envolveu a modelação e a avaliação da gestão da água em quatro
parcelas, que representam 7,7% do Perímetro Hidroagrícola do Caia, focando os
diferentes sistemas de culturas mais expressivas - o olival, o milho e o tomate –
assim como distintos sistemas rega – micro rega e aspersão. Os resultados
indicam que os empresários agrícolas podem ainda melhorar a gestão da rega
ao nível da parcela. Verificou-se ser necessário o dimensionamento a nível dos
reservatórios e implementar uma gestão de água ao nível da parcela mais
eficiente, consoante as necessidades hídricas da cultura ao longo do ciclo tendo
em consideração as características dos solos existentes nas parcelas.
Por parte da Associação será premente continuar a implementar tecnologias que
permitem
o
uso
racional
de
água,
adaptadas
ao
sistema
existente
na
impossibilidade de, a curto ou médio prazo, haver uma reconversão total da rede
de distribuição para um sistema de pressão.
The present study intends to analyze the current network system of the Caia Irrigation District and to propose solutions aiming at sustainability. Conveyance water losses along the distribution network were close to 46% in 2011, however, due to the implementation of diverse measures e.g. use of polymers in unlined canals, building intermediate reservoirs or using remote management, these losses have decreased to 20% by 2016. The surface water supply consider is nowadays to be obsolete since water supply is highly variable and much higher than demand thus originating tail-end waste water. The internship performed at the Caia Water Users Association (ABCaia) focused on the analysis of the distribution network of the Caia Irrigation District. In addition, aiming at promoting a sustainable water use, an assessment of the on- farm water management was performed. The selection of farmers’ fields was based upon the most representative cropping systems of the Irrigation District. The study involved modeling and the evaluation of irrigation management in four fields, representing 7.7% of the Caia Irrigation District, focusing on different cropping systems - olive, maize and tomato - as well as different irrigation systems - micro and sprinkler irrigation systems. Results indicate that farmers should performed a more adequate water management such as the use of reservoirs, to adequate irrigation schedules to crop water requirements and to the soils characteristics. The Water Users Association should continue the efforts of promoting sustainable water use. Thus, enforcing the implementation of improved technologies that allow minimize waste water and promoting the debate relative to the implementation of a pressurized system.
The present study intends to analyze the current network system of the Caia Irrigation District and to propose solutions aiming at sustainability. Conveyance water losses along the distribution network were close to 46% in 2011, however, due to the implementation of diverse measures e.g. use of polymers in unlined canals, building intermediate reservoirs or using remote management, these losses have decreased to 20% by 2016. The surface water supply consider is nowadays to be obsolete since water supply is highly variable and much higher than demand thus originating tail-end waste water. The internship performed at the Caia Water Users Association (ABCaia) focused on the analysis of the distribution network of the Caia Irrigation District. In addition, aiming at promoting a sustainable water use, an assessment of the on- farm water management was performed. The selection of farmers’ fields was based upon the most representative cropping systems of the Irrigation District. The study involved modeling and the evaluation of irrigation management in four fields, representing 7.7% of the Caia Irrigation District, focusing on different cropping systems - olive, maize and tomato - as well as different irrigation systems - micro and sprinkler irrigation systems. Results indicate that farmers should performed a more adequate water management such as the use of reservoirs, to adequate irrigation schedules to crop water requirements and to the soils characteristics. The Water Users Association should continue the efforts of promoting sustainable water use. Thus, enforcing the implementation of improved technologies that allow minimize waste water and promoting the debate relative to the implementation of a pressurized system.
Description
Keywords
Rega Deficitária Rede de distribuição e abastecimento de água Perdas de água Eficiência dos sistemas Sustentabilidade Distribution and water supply network; Deficit Irrigation Water losses Systems efficiency Sustainability