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Função Judicial e a Separação de Poderes: a Participação de Magistrados no Poder Executivo : Colaboração Técnica ou Violação à Separação do Poder
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação analisa a participação de magistrados judiciais em funções no Poder Executivo português, sob o prisma da separação de poderes consagrada na Constituição da República Portuguesa. Partindo de uma abordagem histórico-filosófica e jurídica, o estudo examina os fundamentos do princípio da separação dos poderes, a evolução da função judicial no Estado democrático e os limites normativos impostos à magistratura. A investigação destaca os riscos éticos, institucionais e democráticos inerentes à nomeação de juízes para cargos executivos, ainda que em regime de comissão de serviço, apontando para uma possível violação da independência judicial e da imparcialidade funcional.
Com base numa metodologia dogmática e doutrinária, a dissertação analisa a legislação aplicável, a jurisprudência
constitucional, o Estatuto dos Magistrados Judiciais, bem como casos concretos de magistrados portugueses destacados para funções governativas. Conclui-se que, embora legalmente permitida, esta prática levanta sérias reservas quanto à sua compatibilidade com os princípios estruturantes do Estado de Direito Democrático.
Propõe-se, por fim, um conjunto de recomendações normativas e éticas incluindo a criação de um período de nojo, o reforço da formação deontológica e o registo público das comissões de serviço, com vista a salvaguardar a autonomia do poder judicial e a confiança pública nas instituições democráticas.
This dissertation analyzes the participation of judicial magistrates in functions within the Portuguese Executive Branch, from the perspective of the separation of powers enshrined in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic. Based on a historical-philosophical and legal approach, the study examines the foundations of the principle of separation of powers, the evolution of the judicial function in the democratic state, and the normative limits imposed on the judiciary. The research highlights the ethical, institutional, and democratic risks inherent in the appointment of judges to executive positions, even on a service commission basis, pointing to a possible violation of judicial independence and functional impartiality. Based on a dogmatic and doctrinal methodology, the dissertation analyzes the applicable legislation, constitutional jurisprudence, the Statute of Judicial Magistrates, as well as specific cases of Portuguese magistrates appointed to government functions. It concludes that, although legally permitted, this practice raises serious reservations as to its compatibility with the structuring principles of the Democratic Rule of Law. Finally, a set of normative and ethical recommendations is proposed, including the creation of a cooling-off period, the strengthening of ethical training, and the public registration of service commissions, with a view to safeguarding the autonomy of the judiciary and public confidence in democratic institutions.
This dissertation analyzes the participation of judicial magistrates in functions within the Portuguese Executive Branch, from the perspective of the separation of powers enshrined in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic. Based on a historical-philosophical and legal approach, the study examines the foundations of the principle of separation of powers, the evolution of the judicial function in the democratic state, and the normative limits imposed on the judiciary. The research highlights the ethical, institutional, and democratic risks inherent in the appointment of judges to executive positions, even on a service commission basis, pointing to a possible violation of judicial independence and functional impartiality. Based on a dogmatic and doctrinal methodology, the dissertation analyzes the applicable legislation, constitutional jurisprudence, the Statute of Judicial Magistrates, as well as specific cases of Portuguese magistrates appointed to government functions. It concludes that, although legally permitted, this practice raises serious reservations as to its compatibility with the structuring principles of the Democratic Rule of Law. Finally, a set of normative and ethical recommendations is proposed, including the creation of a cooling-off period, the strengthening of ethical training, and the public registration of service commissions, with a view to safeguarding the autonomy of the judiciary and public confidence in democratic institutions.
Description
Keywords
Magistrados Poder executivo Separação de poderes