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Abstract(s)
O terrorismo está em constante transformação. À medida que evolui no
século XXI, vai-se adaptando às mudanças no ambiente sociopolítico mundial.
Algumas dessas alterações facilitam as competências operacionais dos
terroristas, a obtenção de financiamento e o desenvolvimento de novas
capacidades. Para contextualizar essas alterações, é fundamental analisar a
evolução histórica do terrorismo.
No ocidente, tácticas transnacionais combinadas com ataques perpetrados
por actores isolados, inspirados ou motivados por grupos terroristas provocaram
um aumento do número de ataques terroristas. Embora este tipo de actuação não
constitua novidade, a sua frequência aumentou, sendo o sucesso operacional
facilmente alcançado com um reduzido nível de planeamento e dos modus
operandi.
Para as autoridades, a maior preocupação é a reduzida sofisticação dos
ataques que requerem reduzido financiamento, um limitado conhecimento dos
locais de actuação e a utilização de armas rudimentares ou de oportunidade. Na
era digital, os processos de radicalização e de planeamento operacional tornam
mais difícil compreender e analisar os ataques perpetrados por indivíduos
isolados.
Neste estudo, exploramos o conceito de actor isolado e os possíveis
factores que podem ter contribuído para a emergência do fenómeno,
contextualizando-o no âmbito da evolução histórica do terrorismo.
Terrorism is continually changing. As terrorism evolves in the 21st century, it is adapting to changes in the world socio-political environment. Some of these changes facilitate the abilities of terrorists to operate, procure funding, and develop new capabilities. In order to put these changes into context, it will be necessary to look at the historical evolution of terrorism, with each succeeding evolution building upon techniques pioneered by others. In the western world transnational tactics in combination with lone actor attacks inspired or motivated by terrorist groups drove an increase in terrorism. Although those attacks aren’t new, their frequency is increasing and operational success can be achieved with low-level planning and modus operandi. For the authorities, a major concern is the low-level of sophistication needed to plan the attacks that require barely any funding, little knowledge of sites and venues, and only rudimentary or opportunity weapons. The nature of radicalization and operational planning in the digital age has complicated efforts to interpret and analyze attacks perpetrated by single individuals. In this study we explore the concept of lone actor and possible factors that may have contributed to the emergence of this phenomenon.
Terrorism is continually changing. As terrorism evolves in the 21st century, it is adapting to changes in the world socio-political environment. Some of these changes facilitate the abilities of terrorists to operate, procure funding, and develop new capabilities. In order to put these changes into context, it will be necessary to look at the historical evolution of terrorism, with each succeeding evolution building upon techniques pioneered by others. In the western world transnational tactics in combination with lone actor attacks inspired or motivated by terrorist groups drove an increase in terrorism. Although those attacks aren’t new, their frequency is increasing and operational success can be achieved with low-level planning and modus operandi. For the authorities, a major concern is the low-level of sophistication needed to plan the attacks that require barely any funding, little knowledge of sites and venues, and only rudimentary or opportunity weapons. The nature of radicalization and operational planning in the digital age has complicated efforts to interpret and analyze attacks perpetrated by single individuals. In this study we explore the concept of lone actor and possible factors that may have contributed to the emergence of this phenomenon.
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Keywords
Terrorismo Redes terroristas Resistência sem líder Radicalização Actores isolados