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Publication
Alterações orais induzidas por metanfetaminas
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Através da síntese da adrenalina, em 1919, surgiram as chamadas metanfetaminas na forma de substância ativa, ou seja, com a capacidade de produzir efeitos farmacológicos. Estas surgiram com o intuito de substituir a adrenalina, tendo sido utilizadas no tratamento de problemas respiratórios. As metanfetaminas foram bastante utilizadas de forma terapêutica para a gestão de outros problemas como o défice de atenção, obesidade, alívio da privação de sono e intensificação de humor, no entanto, a sua elevada popularidade revelou a prevalência de alguns efeitos secundários como hipertensão, depressão, dependência e até mesmo distúrbios psiquiátricos.
As metanfetaminas começaram a ter algum destaque por volta dos anos 90, como uso recreacional, ou seja, um consumo preferencial em situações de lazer e divertimento onde os consumidores procuravam o tal efeito estimulante que as metanfetaminas lhes proporcionavam. A partir daí o seu consumo, apesar de continuar bastante reduzido quando comparado com outras substâncias como a canábis e a cocaína, tem vindo a
aumentar ao longo dos anos na Europa.
Apesar do seu elevado potencial de dependência, existem outros derivados de anfetaminas que possuem indicações terapêuticas e, apesar dos resultados no tratamento de algumas patologias serem promissores, devido aos efeitos que provocam no sistema nervoso central, pode igualmente causar danos no organismo tornando-se um risco para a saúde pública, incluindo na saúde oral, havendo maior probabilidade de patologias orais nestes pacientes.
As principais manifestações orais do consumo de metanfetaminas são a hipossialia, cárie dentária, doença periodontal, o bruxismo e trismos musculares. É importante que o Médico Dentista tenha consciência das interações que o consumo de metanfetaminas possuem no organismo e que seja capaz de identificar estes pacientes objetivando um tratamento multidisciplinar.
Through the synthesis of adrenaline, in 1919, the so-called methamphetamines emerged in the form of an active substance, that is, with the ability to produce pharmacological effects. These emerged with the aim of replacing adrenaline and were used to treat respiratory problems. Methamphetamines have been widely used therapeutically for the management of other problems such as attention deficit, obesity, relief from sleep deprivation and mood intensification, however, their high popularity has revealed the prevalence of some side effects such as hypertension, depression, addiction, and even psychiatric disorders. Methamphetamines began to gain some prominence around the 90s, as recreational use, that is, preferential consumption in leisure and entertainment situations where consumers sought the stimulating effect that methamphetamines provided them. Since then, its consumption, despite remaining quite low when compared to other substances such as cannabis and cocaine, has been increasing over the years in Europe. Despite its high dependence potential, there are other amphetamine derivatives that have therapeutic indications and, although the results in the treatment of some pathologies are promising, due to the effects they cause on the central nervous system, it can also cause damage to the body, becoming a risk to public health, including oral health, with a greater likelihood of oral pathologies in these patients. The main oral manifestations of methamphetamine consumption are hyposialy, tooth decay, periodontal disease, bruxism, and muscle trismus. It is important that the Dentist is aware of the interactions that methamphetamine consumption has on the body and is able to identify these patients aiming for multidisciplinary treatment.
Through the synthesis of adrenaline, in 1919, the so-called methamphetamines emerged in the form of an active substance, that is, with the ability to produce pharmacological effects. These emerged with the aim of replacing adrenaline and were used to treat respiratory problems. Methamphetamines have been widely used therapeutically for the management of other problems such as attention deficit, obesity, relief from sleep deprivation and mood intensification, however, their high popularity has revealed the prevalence of some side effects such as hypertension, depression, addiction, and even psychiatric disorders. Methamphetamines began to gain some prominence around the 90s, as recreational use, that is, preferential consumption in leisure and entertainment situations where consumers sought the stimulating effect that methamphetamines provided them. Since then, its consumption, despite remaining quite low when compared to other substances such as cannabis and cocaine, has been increasing over the years in Europe. Despite its high dependence potential, there are other amphetamine derivatives that have therapeutic indications and, although the results in the treatment of some pathologies are promising, due to the effects they cause on the central nervous system, it can also cause damage to the body, becoming a risk to public health, including oral health, with a greater likelihood of oral pathologies in these patients. The main oral manifestations of methamphetamine consumption are hyposialy, tooth decay, periodontal disease, bruxism, and muscle trismus. It is important that the Dentist is aware of the interactions that methamphetamine consumption has on the body and is able to identify these patients aiming for multidisciplinary treatment.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Metanfetaminas Meth Mouth Hipossialia Doença periodontal