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Modelo naturalístico da tomada de decisão em operações de fiscalização de trânsito: estudo em ambiente real
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Abstract(s)
A complexidade, mutabilidade e incerteza intrínsecas à atividade policial, e por extensão
às operações de fiscalização de trânsito, impossibilitam o decisor policial de estimar com
precisão todos os fluxos de ação. Para suplantar esta situação adversa o decisor, não raras
vezes, recorre a um conjunto de estratégias cognitivas que facilitam o processo de tomada
de decisão. O presente trabalho insere-se na linha de investigação “Tomada de decisão
na Atividade Policial”, em desenvolvimento no Laboratório de Grandes Eventos do Centro
de Investigação do Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna, e tem como
desígnio compreender como os polícias, a desempenhar funções operacionais na Divisão
de Trânsito do Comando Metropolitano de Lisboa da Polícia de Segurança Pública, tomam
as decisões de ordem de paragem em contexto naturalístico, mais concretamente durante
as operações de fiscalização de trânsito. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo em ambiente
naturalístico, tendo sido acompanhados 19 polícias, do género masculino com sete ou mais
anos de experiência, em oito operações de fiscalização de trânsito. A recolha de dados
ocorreu por intermédio da técnica pensar em voz alta estimulada retrospetivamente e de
entrevista. Os dados foram sujeitos a uma análise de conteúdo. Os resultados
proporcionaram, num primeiro estudo, compreender e caracterizar o processo de tomada
de decisão e demonstram quais os indícios que os polícias sinalizam e empregam para
firmar a ordem de paragem de um veículo. Num segundo estudo procurou-se analisar a
validade dos indícios utilizados pelos polícias durante o processo de decisão, recorrendo
à técnica da deteção de sinal. Num terceiro estudo, os resultados foram comparados com
os de Alves (2019).
The complexity, mutability and uncertainty intrinsic to police activity, and by extension to traffic surveillance operations, make it impossible for the police decision maker to accurately estimate all action flows. To overcome this adverse situation, the decision-maker often uses a set of cognitive strategies that facilitate the decision-making process. The present work is part of the research line “Decision-making in the Police Activity”, under development in the Laboratory of Major Events of the Research Center of the Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Internal Security, and its purpose is to understand how police officers, perform operational functions in the Transit Division of the Lisbon Metropolitan Command of the Public Security Police, make stopping decisions in a naturalistic context, more specifically during traffic surveillance operations. A qualitative study was carried out in a naturalistic environment, with 19 male police officers with seven or more years of experience, accompanied in eight traffic surveillance operations. Data collection occurred through the technique of thinking aloud stimulated retrospectively and through interviews. The data were subjected to a content analysis. The results provided, in a first study, to understand and characterize the decision-making process and demonstrate what evidence the police signal and use to sign the order to stop a vehicle. In a second study, we sought to analyze the validity of the evidence used by police officers during the decision-making process, using the signal detection technique. In a third study, the results were compared with those of Alves (2019).
The complexity, mutability and uncertainty intrinsic to police activity, and by extension to traffic surveillance operations, make it impossible for the police decision maker to accurately estimate all action flows. To overcome this adverse situation, the decision-maker often uses a set of cognitive strategies that facilitate the decision-making process. The present work is part of the research line “Decision-making in the Police Activity”, under development in the Laboratory of Major Events of the Research Center of the Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Internal Security, and its purpose is to understand how police officers, perform operational functions in the Transit Division of the Lisbon Metropolitan Command of the Public Security Police, make stopping decisions in a naturalistic context, more specifically during traffic surveillance operations. A qualitative study was carried out in a naturalistic environment, with 19 male police officers with seven or more years of experience, accompanied in eight traffic surveillance operations. Data collection occurred through the technique of thinking aloud stimulated retrospectively and through interviews. The data were subjected to a content analysis. The results provided, in a first study, to understand and characterize the decision-making process and demonstrate what evidence the police signal and use to sign the order to stop a vehicle. In a second study, we sought to analyze the validity of the evidence used by police officers during the decision-making process, using the signal detection technique. In a third study, the results were compared with those of Alves (2019).
Description
Keywords
Tomada de decisão Atividade policial Operações de fiscalização de trânsito Polícias do género masculino muito experientes Tomada de decisão em contexto naturalístico Decision making Police activity Traffic surveillance operation Expert male police officers Naturalistic decision-making