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Prevenir a Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 numa população em risco :
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Hábitos alimentares, atividade física inadequados e peso excessivo
representam fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
(DM2). Sensibilizar a população para este problema, aumentar conhecimentos, e
promover hábitos de vida saudáveis é fundamental para reduzir a sua incidência.
Com o objetivo de implementar intervenções comunitárias, relacionadas com
estes fatores de risco, desenvolveu-se o projeto “Prevenir a Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
numa população em risco: Intervenção de enfermagem comunitária”, utilizando-se
metodologia do planeamento em saúde. No diagnóstico da situação, foi selecionado
como instrumento de colheita de dados “Finnish Diabetes Risk Score” (Direção Geral
da Saúde, 2013). Os dados foram analisados através de análise descritiva.
A amostra incluiu 18 pessoas identificadas com grau de risco superior a 12
pontos e índice de massa corporal superior a 25. Os problemas de saúde foram
priorizados através da grelha de análise, tendo-se identificado: peso e perímetro
abdominal alterados; baixa prática de atividade física; baixo consumo de legumes;
alimentação pouco fracionada.
Educação para a saúde, comunicação em saúde e articulação de cuidados
foram as estratégias selecionadas, implementando-se um programa educativo de
promoção de estilos de vida saudável organizado em sete sessões de grupo.
Desenvolveram-se atividades promotoras de comportamentos de saúde sustentadas
pelo modelo “Promoção de Saúde” (Pender, Murdaught & Parsons, 2015).
Da análise dos resultados conclui-se que a intervenção comunitária contribuiu
para promoção de comportamentos de saúde (hábitos alimentares e de atividade
física) com redução do grau de risco DM2 em 72% dos participantes, contribuindo
para prevenção da DM2.
Inadequate eating, physical activity habits and excessive weight represent risk factors for the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Sensitizing the population to this problem, increasing knowledge, and promoting healthy lifestyle habits is essential to reduce its incidence. With the goal to implement community interventions related to these risk factors, the project “Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a population at risk: Community nursing intervention” was developed, using a health planning methodology. In the diagnosis of the situation, the “Finnish Diabetes Risk Score” (Direção Geral da Saúde, 2013) data collection instrument was selected. The data was analyzed through descriptive analysis. The sample included 18 people identified with a risk level greater than 12 points and a body mass index greater than 25. Health problems were prioritized through the analysis grid, having been identified: altered weight and abdominal circumference; low physical activity; low consumption of vegetables; low frequency of eating. The strategies selected were health education, health communication and care articulation. An educational program for the promotion of healthy lifestyles” was implemented in seven group sessions. Activities promoting health behaviors were developed supported by the “Health Promotion” model (Pender, Murdaught & Parsons, 2015). From results analysis, it can be concluded that the community intervention contributed to the promotion of health behaviors (eating and physical activity habits) with a reduction in the degree of DM2 risk in 72% of the participants, therefore contributing to the prevention of DM2.
Inadequate eating, physical activity habits and excessive weight represent risk factors for the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Sensitizing the population to this problem, increasing knowledge, and promoting healthy lifestyle habits is essential to reduce its incidence. With the goal to implement community interventions related to these risk factors, the project “Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a population at risk: Community nursing intervention” was developed, using a health planning methodology. In the diagnosis of the situation, the “Finnish Diabetes Risk Score” (Direção Geral da Saúde, 2013) data collection instrument was selected. The data was analyzed through descriptive analysis. The sample included 18 people identified with a risk level greater than 12 points and a body mass index greater than 25. Health problems were prioritized through the analysis grid, having been identified: altered weight and abdominal circumference; low physical activity; low consumption of vegetables; low frequency of eating. The strategies selected were health education, health communication and care articulation. An educational program for the promotion of healthy lifestyles” was implemented in seven group sessions. Activities promoting health behaviors were developed supported by the “Health Promotion” model (Pender, Murdaught & Parsons, 2015). From results analysis, it can be concluded that the community intervention contributed to the promotion of health behaviors (eating and physical activity habits) with a reduction in the degree of DM2 risk in 72% of the participants, therefore contributing to the prevention of DM2.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Enfermagem em saúde comunitária Diabetes mellitus Prevenção de doenças Comportamento alimentar Atividade motora