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Adequação do Child Drawing Hospital na avaliação do bem-estar de crianças hospitalizadas portuguesas
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Abstract(s)
A hospitalização tem sido identi$cada como uma vivência potencialmente geradora de ansiedade na idade
pediátrica. Entre as várias estratégias de avaliação do impacto emocional da hospitalização surge o desenho, que
comparativamente a outras formas de avaliação, facilita a comunicação de pensamentos e sentimentos, mesmo
em situações em que a criança não possui grandes recursos para descrever o impacto da experiência do internamento.
O “Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H)” (Clatworthy, Simon e Tiedman, 1999) é um instrumento norteamericano
de fácil administração e por esta razão, de grande utilidade no contexto hospitalar.
Os autores do presente artigo desenvolveram um projecto de investigação com o objectivo de estudar a adequação
do CH:D enquanto instrumento de avaliação da ansiedade/bem-estar de crianças hospitalizadas portuguesas.
A amostra do estudo aqui apresentado foi recolhida numa instituição de saúde especializada em doenças oncológicas
do Norte de Portugal e é constituída por 29 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 7 e os 12
anos. No âmbito de um estudo mais alargado, foram recolhidos dados, com recurso ao método de “Desenhar e
escrever” (Williams, Wetton & Moon, 1989). A cada criança foi entregue uma folha de papel, sendo-lhe pedido
que desenhasse em metade da folha uma pessoa saudável e na outra metade uma pessoa doente. A criança poderia
ainda escrever algum texto embora neste estudo tenham sido apenas analisados os desenhos, recorrendo à
grelha de análise do CH:D.
Os resultados preliminares sugerem que o CD:H é um instrumento sensível e adequado para avaliar a in=uência
da hospitalização no bem-estar da criança hospitalizada, através da avaliação do seu nível de ansiedade e através
da presença de indicadores de perturbação emocional. O instrumento permite ainda identi$car níveis de ansiedade
a partir dos quais se justi$cam vários tipos de intervenção destinados a promover o equilíbrio emocional da
criança e a sua adaptação ao contexto hospitalar.
Hospitalization has been identi$ed as a stressing experience for children. Drawing is one of many possible methods for assessing the emotional impact of hospitalization, but has the strength of facilitating the communication of thoughts and feelings, even in situations in which the child doesn’t possess the resources to describe the impact of the experience. ?e “Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H)” (Clatworthy, Simon e Tiedman, 1999) is an instrument that is easily administered and so, very useful in hospital context. ?e aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of the CD:H as an instrument for the assessment of anxiety and well-being of hospitalized Portuguese children. Participants were 29 children aged 7 to 9 and hospitalized in a Cancer Centre from the city of Porto. As part of a larger research project, data were collected using the “Draw and Write” technique (Williams et al, 1989). Each child was handed in a sheet of paper and asked to draw two persons, one healthy and one ill. Children could also write text on the paper but in this study only drawings were analyzed, using the CH:D coding manual. Preliminary results suggest that CD:H is an appropriate instrument with sensitivity to evaluate the impact of child hospitalization, by assessing their level of anxiety and through the presence of indicators of emotional disturbance. Moreover, this instrument provides scoring cut-oB points above which diBerential types of intervention are suggested to promote the emotional wellbeing of the child and his/her adaptation to the hospital.
Hospitalization has been identi$ed as a stressing experience for children. Drawing is one of many possible methods for assessing the emotional impact of hospitalization, but has the strength of facilitating the communication of thoughts and feelings, even in situations in which the child doesn’t possess the resources to describe the impact of the experience. ?e “Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H)” (Clatworthy, Simon e Tiedman, 1999) is an instrument that is easily administered and so, very useful in hospital context. ?e aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of the CD:H as an instrument for the assessment of anxiety and well-being of hospitalized Portuguese children. Participants were 29 children aged 7 to 9 and hospitalized in a Cancer Centre from the city of Porto. As part of a larger research project, data were collected using the “Draw and Write” technique (Williams et al, 1989). Each child was handed in a sheet of paper and asked to draw two persons, one healthy and one ill. Children could also write text on the paper but in this study only drawings were analyzed, using the CH:D coding manual. Preliminary results suggest that CD:H is an appropriate instrument with sensitivity to evaluate the impact of child hospitalization, by assessing their level of anxiety and through the presence of indicators of emotional disturbance. Moreover, this instrument provides scoring cut-oB points above which diBerential types of intervention are suggested to promote the emotional wellbeing of the child and his/her adaptation to the hospital.
Description
Keywords
Ansiedade Criança Hospitalização
Citation
Publisher
Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto