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Ehrlichiose monocítica canina: Estudo retrospetivo na região de Trás-os-Montes entre 2021 e 2023
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Abstract(s)
A Ehrlichiose Monocítica Canina (EMC), com distribuição mundial, é causada por Ehrlichia canis, uma
bactéria transmitida maioritariamente pelo vetor, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Ao longo dos últimos
anos, na Europa tem-se verificado o aumento da frequência de algumas doenças vetoriais em
animais de companhia, nomeadamente a EMC. Vários fatores podem explicar esta ocorrência,
nomeadamente o efeito global das alterações climáticas com um impacto direto nos artrópodes
vetores, afetando a sua densidade, distribuição geográfica e capacidade vetorial. Além disso, viagens
com animais de companhia para zonas endémicas, modificações no habitat promovidas pelo homem
e atividades sociais e de lazer podem também influenciar a frequência de doenças vetoriais em
animais de companhia.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e caracterizar os casos de ECM diagnosticados
entre janeiro de 2021 e março de 2023, no Hospital Veterinário de Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). Assim,
foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo com carácter retrospetivo, através consulta e análise
de informações clínicas dos casos diagnosticados no período de estudo. A partir dos dados
recolhidos foi feita uma análise descritiva das características demográficas e clínicas dos casos
estudados. No período de tempo estudado foram diagnosticados 16 casos de ECM sendo que 75%
(95% IC: 50,5-89,8) foram diagnosticados entre os meses de outubro e março. Entre os casos
analisados verificou-se que cerca de 50% ocorreram em machos inteiros, 62,5% em animais com
idade superior a 2 anos e 87,5% em animais de raça indeterminada. As manifestações clínicas mais
frequentes foram a prostração (50%), hiporexia (37,5%) e vómitos (31,3%). Nos exames
complementares de diagnóstico verificou-se com maior frequência trombocitopenia (64,3%) e anemia
traduzida por diminuição do hematócrito (64,3%), diminuição do número de glóbulos vermelhos
(71,4%) e diminuição da concentração de hemoglobina (57,1%).Os resultados obtidos permitem
sugerir que atualmente, o vetor pode estar ativo durante todo o ano e não apenas nos meses mais
quentes.
Salvaguardando as limitações associadas à tipologia do estudo, os médicos veterinários devem
considerar a ECM em quadros com diferentes apresentações clínicas, associados a anemia e
trombocitopenia devendo ainda sensibilizar os tutores para a importância do cumprimento dos
protocolos de profilaxia, nomeadamente através da desparasitação externa dos seus animais de
companhia.
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) presents a worldwide distribution and it’s caused by Ehrlichia canis, a bacterium transmitted mainly by the vector Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Over the past years, it has been observed an increase of the frequency of certain vector-borne diseases in companion animals in Europe, such as CME. Several factors may explain this occurrence, including the global impact of climate changes on vector arthropods, affecting their density, geographical distribution, and vector capacity. Additionally, travelling with companion animals to endemic areas, habitat modifications by humans, and social and leisure activities can also influence the frequency of vectorborne diseases in companion animals. The present study aimed to describe and characterize cases of CME diagnosed between January 2021 and March 2023 at the Veterinary Hospital of Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). To achieve this goal, a retrospective observational descriptive study was conducted by consulting and analyzing clinical information from diagnosed cases during the study period. A descriptive analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the studied cases was performed based on the collection of registered data. During the study period, 16 cases of CME were diagnosed, and 75% (95% CI: 50.5-89.8) were confirmed between October and March. Among the analyzed cases, approximately 50% occurred in intact males, 62.5% in animals over 2 years old, and 87.5% in animals of undetermined breed. The most frequent clinical manifestations were prostration (50%), anorexia (37.5%), and vomiting (31.3%). In complementary diagnostic tests, thrombocytopenia (64.3%) and anemia manifested by a decrease in hematocrit (64.3%), a decrease in the number of red blood cells (71.4%), and a decrease in hemoglobin concentration (57.1%) were most frequently observed. The results suggest that currently, the vector may be active throughout the year and not just in the warmer months. Despite the limitations related to the study's typology, veterinarians should consider CME in cases with different clinical presentations, associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, they should warn pet owners about the importance of compliance with prophylaxis protocols, particularly through external parasite control in their pets.
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) presents a worldwide distribution and it’s caused by Ehrlichia canis, a bacterium transmitted mainly by the vector Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Over the past years, it has been observed an increase of the frequency of certain vector-borne diseases in companion animals in Europe, such as CME. Several factors may explain this occurrence, including the global impact of climate changes on vector arthropods, affecting their density, geographical distribution, and vector capacity. Additionally, travelling with companion animals to endemic areas, habitat modifications by humans, and social and leisure activities can also influence the frequency of vectorborne diseases in companion animals. The present study aimed to describe and characterize cases of CME diagnosed between January 2021 and March 2023 at the Veterinary Hospital of Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). To achieve this goal, a retrospective observational descriptive study was conducted by consulting and analyzing clinical information from diagnosed cases during the study period. A descriptive analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the studied cases was performed based on the collection of registered data. During the study period, 16 cases of CME were diagnosed, and 75% (95% CI: 50.5-89.8) were confirmed between October and March. Among the analyzed cases, approximately 50% occurred in intact males, 62.5% in animals over 2 years old, and 87.5% in animals of undetermined breed. The most frequent clinical manifestations were prostration (50%), anorexia (37.5%), and vomiting (31.3%). In complementary diagnostic tests, thrombocytopenia (64.3%) and anemia manifested by a decrease in hematocrit (64.3%), a decrease in the number of red blood cells (71.4%), and a decrease in hemoglobin concentration (57.1%) were most frequently observed. The results suggest that currently, the vector may be active throughout the year and not just in the warmer months. Despite the limitations related to the study's typology, veterinarians should consider CME in cases with different clinical presentations, associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, they should warn pet owners about the importance of compliance with prophylaxis protocols, particularly through external parasite control in their pets.
Description
Keywords
Doença vetorial Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichiose monocítica canina Trás-os-Montes Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia canis Trás-os-Montes Vectorborne Disease,