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Abstract(s)
Os dentes desempenham um papel essencial na mastigação, fonação e estética facial, mas a sua estabilidade depende inteiramente da qualidade e volume do osso alveolar.
Qualquer deterioração deste suporte ósseo, seja fisiológica, patológica ou traumática pode comprometer o equilíbrio funcional e estético da cavidade oral, mas também a estabilidade do implante e o sucesso da reabilitação oral.
Face a estas perdas, os enxertos ósseos autógenos são a solução de eleição devido as suas propriedades biológicas únicas: a capacidade de gerar osso novo (osteogenicidade), de induzir a diferenciação celular (osteoindução) e de apoiar a regeneração (osteocondução).
Utilizadas tanto em reconstruções simples como complexas, apresentam uma elevada taxa de sucesso e uma excelente integração com o tecido recetor, minimizando o risco de rejeição imunitária.
No entanto, a sua eficácia depende de muitos fatores, como o local do dador, a técnica cirúrgica, a vascularização local e a gestão das complicações pós-operatórias.
Com base nos conhecimentos fundamentais da biologia óssea e nos avanços clínicos da implantologia, este estudo realça o grande interesse dos enxertos autógenos nas estratégias modernas de regeneração óssea.
Teeth play an essential role in mastication, phonation and facial aesthetics, but their stability depends entirely on the quality and volume of the alveolar bone. Any deterioration of this bone support, whether physiological, pathological or traumatic, can compromise the functional and aesthetic balance of the oral cavity, but also the stability of the implant and the success of oral rehabilitation. Faced with these losses, autogenous bone grafts are the solution of choice due to their unique biological properties: the ability to generate new bone (osteogenicity), induce cell differentiation (osteoinduction) and support regeneration (osteoconduction). Used in both simple and complex reconstructions, they have a high success rate and excellent integration with the recipient tissue, minimizing the risk of immune rejection. However, their effectiveness depends on many factors, such as the donor site, the surgical technique, local vascularization and the management of post-operative complications. Based on fundamental knowledge of bone biology and clinical advances in implantology, this study highlights the great interest of autogenous grafts in modern bone regeneration strategies.
Teeth play an essential role in mastication, phonation and facial aesthetics, but their stability depends entirely on the quality and volume of the alveolar bone. Any deterioration of this bone support, whether physiological, pathological or traumatic, can compromise the functional and aesthetic balance of the oral cavity, but also the stability of the implant and the success of oral rehabilitation. Faced with these losses, autogenous bone grafts are the solution of choice due to their unique biological properties: the ability to generate new bone (osteogenicity), induce cell differentiation (osteoinduction) and support regeneration (osteoconduction). Used in both simple and complex reconstructions, they have a high success rate and excellent integration with the recipient tissue, minimizing the risk of immune rejection. However, their effectiveness depends on many factors, such as the donor site, the surgical technique, local vascularization and the management of post-operative complications. Based on fundamental knowledge of bone biology and clinical advances in implantology, this study highlights the great interest of autogenous grafts in modern bone regeneration strategies.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Autoenxertos ósseos Osteoindução Osteocondução Perda óssea Locais dadores