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Sex cord-stromal tumours of the ovary: a comprehensive update review
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Abstract(s)
Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are infrequent and represent approximately 7% of all primary ovarian
tumors. This histopathologic ovarian tumor group differs considerably from the more prevalent
epithelial ovarian tumors. Although sex cord-stromal tumors present in a broad age group, the majority
tend to present as a low-grade disease that usually follows a nonaggressive clinical course in
younger patients. Furthermore, because the constituent cells of these tumors are engaged in ovarian
steroid hormone production (e.g., androgens, estrogens, and corticoids), sex cord-stromal tumors
are commonly associated with various hormone-mediated syndromes and exhibit a wide spectrum
of clinical features ranging from hyperandrogenic virilizing states to hyperestrogenic manifestations.
The World Health Organization sex cord-stromal tumor classification has recently been revised, and
currently these tumors have been regrouped into the following clinicopathologic entities: pure
stromal tumors, pure sex cord tumors, and mixed sex cord-stromal tumors. Moreover, some entities
considered in the former classification (e.g., stromal luteoma, stromal tumor with minor sex cord
elements, and gynandroblastoma) are no longer considered separate tumors in the current classification.
Herein, we discuss and revise the ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic
resonance imaging characteristics of the different histopathologic types and clinicopathologic features
of sex cord-stromal tumors to allow radiologists to narrow the differential diagnosis when facing
ovarian tumors.
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Citation
Mariana Horta; Teresa Margarida Cunha. Sex Cord-stromal Tumours of the Ovary: a Comprehensive Update Review, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 21, 4, 277-286, 2015.