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Intervenção em famílias com membro idoso portador de asma: Projeto de Desenvolvimento de competências clínicas Especializadas na Área de Enfermagem Comunitária na Área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar
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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório de estágio profissional (Módulo II) do Mestrado em Enfermagem
Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do
Porto, reflete a atividade desenvolvida no estágio que decorreu numa Unidade de Saúde
Familiar (USF), no período de 18 de setembro de 2023 a 26 de janeiro de 2024. Teve como
principais objetivos: cuidar a família enquanto unidade de cuidados, e de cada um dos seus
membros ao longo do ciclo vital e aos diferentes níveis de prevenção e liderar e colaborar em
processos de intervenção, no âmbito da Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar. Para a concretização
deste relatório foram utilizados referenciais teóricos e operativos como a Teoria de Transição de
Meleis (2000), Teoria do Autocuidado de Orem (Orem, 1991), o Modelo de Cuidar em
Enfermagem Baseado nas Forças de Gottlieb, o Modelo Calgary de Avaliação e Intervenção na
Família (MCAIF) (Wright & Leahey, 2002) e o Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção
Familiar (MDAIF) (Figueiredo, 2012). A conceção de cuidados foi realizada segundo a Ontologia
de Enfermagem NursingOntos, desenvolvida pela ESEP e aprovada pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros
(OE, 2021).
A temática “Intervenção em Famílias com Membro Idoso portador de Asma” foi selecionada
considerando as características na avaliação das famílias da USF.
Com o aumento da longevidade e o controlo da mortalidade da doença aguda, predominam e
proliferam doenças crónicas (OCDE, 2023). Das doenças crónicas não transmissíveis destacamse
as doenças respiratórias, sendo indubitável que estas apresentam uma elevada prevalência
na população portuguesa. As doenças respiratórias crónicas mais comuns são a doença
pulmonar obstrutiva crónica e a asma. O trabalho desenvolvido neste estágio deu ênfase às
famílias nas quais existia um elemento com diagnóstico de asma. O diagnóstico e controlo da
asma apresenta algumas particularidades em alguns grupos, nomeadamente nas grávidas, nas
crianças até aos cinco anos de idade, nos desportistas e no idoso, sendo neste último grupo que
incide este trabalho.
Este relatório reúne o projeto e a execução das atividades que concretizam o desenvolvimento
de competências especializadas. Engloba o planeamento e descrição das atividades
desenvolvidas com três famílias com membros idosos com asma, sendo os resultados obtidos
traduzidos por mudanças de conhecimentos e comportamentais. Neste sentido é possível
concluir que se obtiveram ganhos em saúde nas famílias em estudo, sensíveis aos cuidados de
enfermagem.
O relatório reflete também a atividade desenvolvida para a aquisição de competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária na área da
Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar, assim como para a obtenção do grau de mestre,
correspondente ao segundo ciclo de estudos da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto.
This professional internship report (Module II) for the Master's Degree in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing at the Porto School of Nursing reflects the activity developed during the internship, which took place in a Family Health Unit from September 18, 2023 to January 26, 2024. Its main objectives were: to care for the family as a unit of care, and for each of its members throughout the life cycle and at different levels of prevention, and to lead and collaborate in intervention processes within the scope of family health nursing. This report used theoretical and operational references such as Meleis' Transition Theory (2000), Orem's Self- Care Theory (Orem, 1991), Gottlieb's Strengths-Based Nursing Care Model, the Calgary Model of Family Assessment and Intervention (MCAIF) (Wright and Leahey, 2002) and the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention (MDAIF) (Figueiredo, 2012). Care is designed according to the Nursing Ontology NursingOntos, developed by ESEP and approved by the Order of Nurses (OE, 2021). The theme "Intervention in Families with an Elderly Member with Asthma" was selected considering the characteristics of the USF's family assessment. As longevity increases and mortality from acute illnesses is controlled, chronic diseases predominate and proliferate (OECD, 2023). Of the chronic non-communicable diseases, respiratory diseases stand out, and there is no doubt that they have a high prevalence in the Portuguese population. The most common chronic respiratory diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The work carried out during this internship focused on families in which there was a person diagnosed with asthma. The diagnosis and control of asthma has some particularities in certain groups, namely pregnant women, children up to the age of five, sportspeople and the elderly, and it is this last group that this work focuses on. This report brings together the project and the implementation of the activities that lead to the development of specialized skills. It includes the planning and description of the activities carried out with three families with elderly members with asthma, and the results obtained are translated into changes in knowledge and behavior. In this sense, it is possible to conclude that health gains were achieved in the families under study, which were sensitive to the intervention implemented. The report also reflects the activity carried out to acquire the common and specific competences of a nurse specializing in Community Health Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing, as well as to obtain a master's degree, corresponding to the second cycle of studies at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto.
This professional internship report (Module II) for the Master's Degree in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing at the Porto School of Nursing reflects the activity developed during the internship, which took place in a Family Health Unit from September 18, 2023 to January 26, 2024. Its main objectives were: to care for the family as a unit of care, and for each of its members throughout the life cycle and at different levels of prevention, and to lead and collaborate in intervention processes within the scope of family health nursing. This report used theoretical and operational references such as Meleis' Transition Theory (2000), Orem's Self- Care Theory (Orem, 1991), Gottlieb's Strengths-Based Nursing Care Model, the Calgary Model of Family Assessment and Intervention (MCAIF) (Wright and Leahey, 2002) and the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention (MDAIF) (Figueiredo, 2012). Care is designed according to the Nursing Ontology NursingOntos, developed by ESEP and approved by the Order of Nurses (OE, 2021). The theme "Intervention in Families with an Elderly Member with Asthma" was selected considering the characteristics of the USF's family assessment. As longevity increases and mortality from acute illnesses is controlled, chronic diseases predominate and proliferate (OECD, 2023). Of the chronic non-communicable diseases, respiratory diseases stand out, and there is no doubt that they have a high prevalence in the Portuguese population. The most common chronic respiratory diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The work carried out during this internship focused on families in which there was a person diagnosed with asthma. The diagnosis and control of asthma has some particularities in certain groups, namely pregnant women, children up to the age of five, sportspeople and the elderly, and it is this last group that this work focuses on. This report brings together the project and the implementation of the activities that lead to the development of specialized skills. It includes the planning and description of the activities carried out with three families with elderly members with asthma, and the results obtained are translated into changes in knowledge and behavior. In this sense, it is possible to conclude that health gains were achieved in the families under study, which were sensitive to the intervention implemented. The report also reflects the activity carried out to acquire the common and specific competences of a nurse specializing in Community Health Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing, as well as to obtain a master's degree, corresponding to the second cycle of studies at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto.
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Keywords
Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar Asma Idoso Relatório de estágio