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O enfermeiro especialista como promotor da gestão do stress no adolescente em internamento hospitalar
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Abstract(s)
Os adolescentes encontram-se internados maioritariamente em serviços
de pediatria, pouco adaptados às suas necessidades específicas, o que pode
aumentar a intensidade do stress que vivenciam (Abreu & Azevedo, 2012;
Branco, Brito, Fonseca & Ribeiro, 2009; Clift, Dampier & Timmons, 2007).
A exposição ao stress pode resultar em outcomes positivos ou negativos
consoante os adolescentes lidam com as situações de stress pois os erros,
reveses e dificuldades são oportunidades de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento
de estratégias de coping para situações futuras (Zimmer-Gembeck & Skinner,
2008). O enfermeiro, sendo o profissional que tem maior contato com o
adolescente e família nesta situação, constitui um elemento fundamental para
ajudar o adolescente a gerir o stress e influenciar positivamente o modo como
vivencia esta experiência (Branco, Brito Fonseca & Ribeiro, 2009).
O relatório de estágio tem por base a metodologia de projeto, norteada
pela Filosofia de Cuidados Centrados na Família e os Cuidados Não Traumáticos, bem como pelo Modelo dos Sistemas de Betty Neuman. Foi
traçado um percurso formativo com vista ao desenvolvimento de competências
comuns do enfermeiro especialista (EE) e específicas de enfermeiro
especialista em enfermagem de saúde infantil e pediátrica (EEESIP). Ao
abordar esta problemática pretende-se ainda melhorar a experiência de
internamento hospitalar do adolescente, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento
de estratégias de intervenção promotoras da gestão de stress no adolescente.
Realiza-se neste documento uma análise crítica e reflexiva sobre as
principais atividades desenvolvidas e as consequentes aprendizagens e
competências, descrevendo-se os seus contributos para o alcance dos
objetivos propostos. A destacar o desenvolvimento das competências comuns
de EE no domínio da gestão dos cuidados, sobre a adaptação da liderança e
gestão “dos recursos às situações e ao contexto visando a garantia da
qualidade dos cuidados” (Regulamento nº 140/19, p. 4745), e de competências
de EEESIP relativas à gestão do bem-estar da criança e do jovem e promoção
da sua autoestima, bem como a adaptação da criança, do jovem e sua família
às mudanças na saúde e dinâmica familiar (Regulamento nº 422/18).
Adolescents are mostly hospitalized in pediatric services, poorly adapted to their specific needs, which can increase their experienced stress intensity (Abreu & Azevedo, 2012; Branco, Brito, Fonseca & Ribeiro, 2009; Clift, Dampier & Timmons, 2007). Stress exposure can result in positive or negative outcomes as adolescents deal with stressful situations, because mistakes, setbacks and difficulties are opportunities for learning and developing coping strategies for future situations (Zimmer-Gembeck & Skinner, 2008). The nurse, being the professional who has greater contact with adolescents and their families during hospital admission, is a fundamental element to help adolescents to manage stress and to influence positively this experience (Branco, Brito Fonseca & Ribeiro, 2009). This report is based on project methodology, guided by Family-Centered Care Philosophy and Non-Traumatic Care, as well as the Betty Neuman Systems Model. A training course was designed to develop both specialist nurse common competences, and specific specialist nurse competences in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing. By addressing this problematic, I also intend to improve adolescent hospitalization experience, contributing to intervention strategies development that promotes adolescents stress management. In this report is carried out a critical and reflective analysis on the main activities and the resultant learning and developed competences, describing their contribution to objectives achievement. It is emphasized the development of specialist nurse competencies in care management field, adapting leadership and managing the resources to situations and context in order to ensure care quality (Regulamento nº 140/19). It is also highlighted specific specialist nurse competences in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing related to children and young well-being management and their self-esteem promotion, as well as child, young and families’ adaptation to health and family dynamics changes (Regulamento nº 422/18).
Adolescents are mostly hospitalized in pediatric services, poorly adapted to their specific needs, which can increase their experienced stress intensity (Abreu & Azevedo, 2012; Branco, Brito, Fonseca & Ribeiro, 2009; Clift, Dampier & Timmons, 2007). Stress exposure can result in positive or negative outcomes as adolescents deal with stressful situations, because mistakes, setbacks and difficulties are opportunities for learning and developing coping strategies for future situations (Zimmer-Gembeck & Skinner, 2008). The nurse, being the professional who has greater contact with adolescents and their families during hospital admission, is a fundamental element to help adolescents to manage stress and to influence positively this experience (Branco, Brito Fonseca & Ribeiro, 2009). This report is based on project methodology, guided by Family-Centered Care Philosophy and Non-Traumatic Care, as well as the Betty Neuman Systems Model. A training course was designed to develop both specialist nurse common competences, and specific specialist nurse competences in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing. By addressing this problematic, I also intend to improve adolescent hospitalization experience, contributing to intervention strategies development that promotes adolescents stress management. In this report is carried out a critical and reflective analysis on the main activities and the resultant learning and developed competences, describing their contribution to objectives achievement. It is emphasized the development of specialist nurse competencies in care management field, adapting leadership and managing the resources to situations and context in order to ensure care quality (Regulamento nº 140/19). It is also highlighted specific specialist nurse competences in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing related to children and young well-being management and their self-esteem promotion, as well as child, young and families’ adaptation to health and family dynamics changes (Regulamento nº 422/18).
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Keywords
Enfermagem pediátrica Adolescente Stress psicológico Hospitais