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Efusão pleural em animais de companhia
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Abstract(s)
A efusão pleural consiste numa acumulação anormal de líquido na cavidade pleural, o que leva a uma dificuldade na expansão dos pulmões, provocando dispneia e dificuldade na oxigenação dos tecidos.
A presença de efusão é mais frequente devido a causas secundárias do que por doença pleural primária.
Os sinais clínicos dependem sempre da quantidade de líquido acumulado, das características do mesmo e também do processo patológico subjacente. Em geral, os principais sinais apresentam-se como dispneia (expiratória ou mista) e respiração curta e superficial, embora ortopneia, cianose e intolerância ao exercício também ocorram.
O diagnóstico baseia-se na história clinica, exame físico e exames complementares como radiografias de tórax, ecografia e análise de fluidos. No entanto, o diagnóstico definitivo é realizado pela caracterização do fluido, avaliando-se as células, a concentração proteica, densidade e outras características.
O tratamento de urgência visa o auxílio do animal quando chega à clinica em estado grave, sendo necessário agir rapidamente para garantir a sobrevivência do animal. Por outro lado, o tratamento etiológico visa tratar a causa primária da efusão, de forma a estabilizar o estado de saúde do animal.
Pleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, which leads to a difficulty in expanding the lungs, causing shortness of breath and difficulty in tissue oxygenation. The presence of effusion is more frequently due to secondary causes than by primary pleural disease. The clinical signs always depend on the and the characteristics of the fluid accumulated and also depend on the underlying disease process. In general, signs as dyspnea (expiratory or mixed) and short, shallow breathing, although orthopnea, cyanosis and exercise intolerance also may occur. The diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination and tests such as chest x-rays, ultrasound and fluid analysis. However, the diagnosis is made by characterizing the fluid evaluating cells, protein concentration, density and other characteristics. The emergency treatment aims to aid the animal when it comes to the clinic in a serious condition, it is necessary to act quickly to ensure the survival of the animal. On the other hand, the etiological treatment aims to address the primary cause of the effusion, in order to stabilize the state of health of the animal.
Pleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, which leads to a difficulty in expanding the lungs, causing shortness of breath and difficulty in tissue oxygenation. The presence of effusion is more frequently due to secondary causes than by primary pleural disease. The clinical signs always depend on the and the characteristics of the fluid accumulated and also depend on the underlying disease process. In general, signs as dyspnea (expiratory or mixed) and short, shallow breathing, although orthopnea, cyanosis and exercise intolerance also may occur. The diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination and tests such as chest x-rays, ultrasound and fluid analysis. However, the diagnosis is made by characterizing the fluid evaluating cells, protein concentration, density and other characteristics. The emergency treatment aims to aid the animal when it comes to the clinic in a serious condition, it is necessary to act quickly to ensure the survival of the animal. On the other hand, the etiological treatment aims to address the primary cause of the effusion, in order to stabilize the state of health of the animal.
Description
Keywords
Efusão pleural Dispneia Análise de fluidos Toracocentese Pleural effusion Dyspnea Fluid analysis Thoracentesis