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A contabilização dos ativos biológicos: problemática da mensuração e reconhecimento
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), introduziu a IAS 41 – Agricultura, a primeira norma direcionada ao sector agrícola. A comissão de Normalização Contabilística (CNC) criou o Sistema de Normalização Contabilística (SNC), que integra a NCRF 17 – Agricultura (2010), no sentido de harmonizar os princípios e conceitos contabilísticos, para que todas as entidades possam operar num contexto de globalização de mercados.
A NCRF 17 vem introduzir o conceito de justo valor como base de mensuração dos ativos biológicos, em detrimento do custo histórico que era utilizado anteriormente pelo Plano Oficial de Contabilidade (POC). O sector agrícola é um sector muito específico, cuja atividade gera dúvidas e incertezas, uma vez que as transformações biológicas (crescimento, produção, procriação, etc.) vão alterar a substância do ativo biológico, o que torna difícil a sua contabilização baseada no custo histórico.
Nesse sentido considera-se pertinente a abordagem deste tema por ser contemporâneo e pouco abordado na literatura portuguesa e pela expectativa da aplicabilidade do justo valor como base de mensuração no sector agrícola.
Este estudo apresenta na primeira parte a revisão de literatura, procura-se fazer uma análise crítica e fundamentada com base em artigos publicados, por outros autores e na (IAS 41) e na NCRF 17, sobre os ativos biológicos, justo valor, reconhecimento e mensuração. A segunda parte consiste num estudo de caso em que se analisa a aplicação do justo valor em ativos biológicos numa empresa de atividade pecuária,
A observação dos dados apresentados permitiu concluir que a empresa utilizava o justo valor, com base nas cotações do mercado (existência de mercado ativo), para a valorização dos seus ativos biológicos em todas as fases da vida dos animais, assim como utiliza o justo valor na mensuração de todos os ativos biológicos.
The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) introduced IAS 41 - Agriculture, the first standard directed to the agricultural sector. The Comissão de Normalização Contabilística (CNC) established the Sistema de Normalização Contabilística (SNC) which integrates NCRF 17 - Agriculture (2010), in order to harmonize the accounting principles and concepts, so that all entities can operate in a context of globalization of markets. The NCRF 17 introduces the concept of fair value as the measurement basis of biological assets, at the expense of historical cost that was previously used by the Official Plano Oficial de Contabilidade (POC). The agricultural sector is a very specific sector, whose activity creates doubt and uncertainty, since the biological changes (growth, production, reproduction, etc.) will alter the substance of the biological asset. Therefore, it turns out to be difficult to make the accounting recognition of the element at historical cost. In this sense we consider appropriate to approach this topic because it is contemporary and rarely addressed in the Portuguese literature and because of the expectation of the applicability of fair value as a basis of measurement in the agricultural sector. In the first part, this study shows a literature review. We try to make a critical and reasoned analysis based on articles published by other authors and IAS 41 and NCRF 17, about biological assets, fair value recognition and measurement. The second part is a case study which analyzes the application of fair value to biological assets in a cattle ranching company. The observation of the data showed that the company used fair value based on market prices (existence of an active market) , for the valuation of their biological assets at all stages of the animals life, and used fair value, as well, in the measurement of all biological assets.
The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) introduced IAS 41 - Agriculture, the first standard directed to the agricultural sector. The Comissão de Normalização Contabilística (CNC) established the Sistema de Normalização Contabilística (SNC) which integrates NCRF 17 - Agriculture (2010), in order to harmonize the accounting principles and concepts, so that all entities can operate in a context of globalization of markets. The NCRF 17 introduces the concept of fair value as the measurement basis of biological assets, at the expense of historical cost that was previously used by the Official Plano Oficial de Contabilidade (POC). The agricultural sector is a very specific sector, whose activity creates doubt and uncertainty, since the biological changes (growth, production, reproduction, etc.) will alter the substance of the biological asset. Therefore, it turns out to be difficult to make the accounting recognition of the element at historical cost. In this sense we consider appropriate to approach this topic because it is contemporary and rarely addressed in the Portuguese literature and because of the expectation of the applicability of fair value as a basis of measurement in the agricultural sector. In the first part, this study shows a literature review. We try to make a critical and reasoned analysis based on articles published by other authors and IAS 41 and NCRF 17, about biological assets, fair value recognition and measurement. The second part is a case study which analyzes the application of fair value to biological assets in a cattle ranching company. The observation of the data showed that the company used fair value based on market prices (existence of an active market) , for the valuation of their biological assets at all stages of the animals life, and used fair value, as well, in the measurement of all biological assets.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Contabilidade e Finanças
Keywords
Ativos biológicos Justo valor IAS 41 NCRF 17 Biological assets Fair value
Citation
Publisher
Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais