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A Aquisição de Objetivos nos Teatros de Operações Contemporâneos
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo caracterizar a forma como é efetuada a Aquisição de Objetivos nos Teatros de Operações contemporâneos, designadamente as técnicas, táticas e procedimentos inerentes à atuação destas unidades e os equipamentos em uso, bem como, qual a capacidade da Artilharia portuguesa vir um dia a integrar, com a vertente de Aquisição de Objetivos, uma Força Nacional Destacada.
A Aquisição de Objetivos visa a deteção, localização e a identificação de objetivos terrestres com a oportunidade, precisão e o pormenor suficientes para permitir o seu ataque com fogos eficazes ou para orientar outros meios/órgãos de pesquisa de notícias, contribuindo, dessa forma, para que um Comandante consiga atingir o objetivo a que se propôs.
Numa primeira fase, após um enquadramento geral, procura-se caracterizar o ambiente operacional vivido pelas forças nos TO em estudo, Iraque e Afeganistão, através da análise das Técnicas, Táticas e Procedimentos utilizadas pelos insurgentes para fazer face às forças da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte, chegando-se à conclusão de que se trata de um ambiente assimétrico onde a ameaça pode surgir de qualquer lugar e a qualquer momento e onde as Técnicas, Táticas e Procedimentos são variadas, destacandose no entanto o uso de Improvised Explosive Device nas suas variadas formas.
Numa segunda fase, efetua-se um estudo acerca da organização das unidades de Aquisição de Objetivos do Exército Americano e das Técnicas, Táticas e Procedimentos que utilizam para fazer face ao novo tipo de ameaça que enfrentam, concluindo-se que o exercito dos Estados Unidos optou por uma organização modular das suas brigadas, decidindo integrar a Aquisição de Objetivos numa Brigada de Artilharia de Campanha (Fires Brigade), responsável por todo o apoio de fogos dentro da sua zona de ação/setor.
Relativamente às Técnicas, Táticas e Procedimentos usadas nestes Teatros de Operações, conclui-se que a nível dos radares existe uma complementaridade entre materiais, em que os mais recentes possibilitam uma localização a 360º, mas com um alcance limitado, sendo essa limitação colmatada pelos materiais mais antigos e pensados inicialmente para o combate convencional. A nível dos Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, conclui-se que, nos Teatros de Operações em estudo, é um equipamento imprescindível na recolha de informação e Aquisição de Objetivos, desde o nível estratégico ao tático.
Numa terceira fase, efetua-se o estudo da capacidade de Aquisição de Objetivos do Exercito Português, analisando-se as capacidades da Bateria de Aquisição de Objetivos. Posteriormente, efetua-se um estudo acerca dos equipamentos que poderão ser adquiridos para reequipar o Exército e a Artilharia Portuguesa no âmbito na Aquisição de Objetivos, destacando-se na componente radar, o radar COBRA e ARTHUR e o RQ-5B HUNTER ou Searcher MKII como Low Alitude Medium Endurance.
Depois de se efetuar uma análise e discussão dos resultados obtidos, apresentam-se as conclusões resultantes desta investigação, no sentido de dar resposta à questão central levantada, destacando-se a necessidade de reequipar o Pelotão Radar de Localização de Armas e o Pelotão Radar Localização de Alvos Móveis, para que estes adquiram as capacidades decorrentes das Capability Statements das Force Proposal 2008, faltando ainda levantar tanto a nível de material como de recursos humanos, as capacidades em termos de Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.
Abstract The main objective of this work is to characterize how the target acquisition in contemporary battlefields is done, in particular the tactics, techniques and procedures inherent to the action of those units and the equipments they have, and also, the capability of the Portuguese Artillery to one day be part of a National Detached Force. The target acquisition aims at the detection, localization and identification of land objectives with enough opportunity, precision and detail to allow the attack with effective fires or to orientate other means to search for intelligence, hence contributing to help the Commanding Officer to achieve his objective. After a general framework, the first phase characterize’s the operational environment lived by the units detached in the theatres of operations of Iraq and Afghanistan, through the analysis of Techniques, Tactics and Procedures used by the insurgents to fight against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s forces, concluding that we face and asymmetric environment where the threat can come every time from anywhere and where the techniques, tactics and procedures are varied, however standing out the use of Improvised Explosive Device in their multiple forms. In a second phase, we study the organization of the United States Army target acquisition units and the techniques, tactics and procedures they use to fight against the threat faced, reaching the conclusion that the United States Army has a modular organization of its brigades, and has decide to integrate the target acquisition units inside a Fires Brigade, responsible for all fire support in its sector or action zone. Relatively to the techniques, tactic and procedures used in both theatres of operations, it is concluded that ,concerning the radar system, there is a complimentarity between the equipments, the new ones giving de possibility to detect a location in 360º, although in a limited range. This limitation is overpassed by older and conventional warfare radars. As regards Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, the conclusion is that, in both theaters of operations, it is a necessaryequipment to collect intelligence and target acquisition information, from the strategic to the tactic level. In a third phase, we study the target acquisition capability of the Portuguese Army, analyzing the capacities of the Target Acquisition Battery. Later, we perform a study about the equipments that could be acquired to retooling the Portuguese Army and consequently the Portuguese Artillery in the scope of target acquisition, pointing out, concerning the radars, the COBRA and ARTHUR radars, and the UAV, for the Low Alitude Medium Endurance UAV, the o RQ-5B HUNTER or the Searcher MKII. After this analysis and discussion of the results, we conclude this investigation, giving answer to the main question, that is to retool the Weapons Location Radar Platoon and the Mobile Target Location Radar Platoon, to formalize the capacities that are written in the Capability Statements from the Force Proposal 2008, although still missing to build up the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platoon in terms of human resources and equipment.
Abstract The main objective of this work is to characterize how the target acquisition in contemporary battlefields is done, in particular the tactics, techniques and procedures inherent to the action of those units and the equipments they have, and also, the capability of the Portuguese Artillery to one day be part of a National Detached Force. The target acquisition aims at the detection, localization and identification of land objectives with enough opportunity, precision and detail to allow the attack with effective fires or to orientate other means to search for intelligence, hence contributing to help the Commanding Officer to achieve his objective. After a general framework, the first phase characterize’s the operational environment lived by the units detached in the theatres of operations of Iraq and Afghanistan, through the analysis of Techniques, Tactics and Procedures used by the insurgents to fight against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s forces, concluding that we face and asymmetric environment where the threat can come every time from anywhere and where the techniques, tactics and procedures are varied, however standing out the use of Improvised Explosive Device in their multiple forms. In a second phase, we study the organization of the United States Army target acquisition units and the techniques, tactics and procedures they use to fight against the threat faced, reaching the conclusion that the United States Army has a modular organization of its brigades, and has decide to integrate the target acquisition units inside a Fires Brigade, responsible for all fire support in its sector or action zone. Relatively to the techniques, tactic and procedures used in both theatres of operations, it is concluded that ,concerning the radar system, there is a complimentarity between the equipments, the new ones giving de possibility to detect a location in 360º, although in a limited range. This limitation is overpassed by older and conventional warfare radars. As regards Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, the conclusion is that, in both theaters of operations, it is a necessaryequipment to collect intelligence and target acquisition information, from the strategic to the tactic level. In a third phase, we study the target acquisition capability of the Portuguese Army, analyzing the capacities of the Target Acquisition Battery. Later, we perform a study about the equipments that could be acquired to retooling the Portuguese Army and consequently the Portuguese Artillery in the scope of target acquisition, pointing out, concerning the radars, the COBRA and ARTHUR radars, and the UAV, for the Low Alitude Medium Endurance UAV, the o RQ-5B HUNTER or the Searcher MKII. After this analysis and discussion of the results, we conclude this investigation, giving answer to the main question, that is to retool the Weapons Location Radar Platoon and the Mobile Target Location Radar Platoon, to formalize the capacities that are written in the Capability Statements from the Force Proposal 2008, although still missing to build up the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platoon in terms of human resources and equipment.
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Keywords
Aquisição de Objetivos Técnicas Táticas e Procedimentos
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino