| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Documento principal | 26.95 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A fin de dar sugerencias sobre la recuperaciĆ³n y, en general, la conservaciĆ³n del
patrimonio arquitectĆ³nico de las RĆas Bajas Gallegas, una rehabilitaciĆ³n, tal como defienden
numerosos autores, debe intentar recrear el espacio heredado desde un punto de vista
sostenible, consiguiendo un espacio para vivir y, como tal, dotado del confort espacial actual.
La arquitectura popular constituye un ejemplo paradigmĆ”tico de adaptaciĆ³n al medio.
Durante siglos las intervenciones seguĆan unos principios decantados, pero mĆ”s tarde, la
introducciĆ³n de materiales forĆ”neos, aplicados sin conocer las tĆ©cnicas propias de su uso,
derivĆ³ en un proceso que redondeo el feĆsmo. Todo ello ha desembocado en una gran
pĆ©rdida, porque con la destrucciĆ³n de esta arquitectura, no solo estamos perdiendo
patrimonio, sino tambiĆ©n sabidurĆa. Se debe ser consciente que una de estas casas resume
todo el conocimiento de siglos anteriores y supone una decantaciĆ³n de ese saber popular.
Se han investigado 260 casas que abarcan todos los contextos existentes en el
territorio estudiado, a fin de clasificarlas en grupos, y de ahĆ, seleccionar los casos de
estudios con el objetivo de caracterizar los diversos sistemas constructivos empleados,
definir los indicadores del confort espacial que contribuyan a la sostenibilidad y establecer
principios de rehabilitaciĆ³n para su mejora.
En la primera parte de esta disertaciĆ³n se identifica la problemĆ”tica, se realiza un
estado de la cuestiĆ³n, se explica de forma teĆ³rica las condiciones geogrĆ”ficas, la
arquitectura, los asentamientos rurales y la casa popular de la comunidad autĆ³noma de
Galicia, y mĆ”s especĆficamente, de las RĆas Bajas Gallegas. TambiĆ©n se encuadran la
rehabilitaciĆ³n y los criterios para la bĆŗsqueda de los indicadores sostenibles. En un segundo
momento se realiza el anĆ”lisis de caso para posteriormente realizar la comparaciĆ³n de sus
diferentes elementos arquitectĆ³nicos. Luego se procede a la correlaciĆ³n de los elementos
resultantes del anĆ”lisis comparativo con el establecido en el capĆtulo de contextualizaciĆ³n,
llegando a la sistematizaciĆ³n, la cual ofrece respuestas concretas para la ejecuciĆ³n de las
conclusiones analĆticas y finales.
Se concluye que pocas estrategias sostenibles son mƔs eficaces que rehabilitar una
casa popular. Cuando se construyeron, al no disponer de grandes medios tƩcnicos, tuvieron
que optimizar todos los recursos existentes. La ubicaciĆ³n y la integraciĆ³n en el entorno, el
diseƱo adecuado a sus usuarios, el empleo de materiales autĆ³ctonos y el aprovechamiento
de las condiciones ambientales y climƔticas, etc., son elementos que caracterizan la casa
popular. AdemƔs todos estos elementos, se basan en conceptos que hoy parecen muy
avanzados, como la sostenibilidad, y que en realidad en ellas ya se aplicaban hace aƱos. En
el momento de la rehabilitaciĆ³n estos principios pueden servir como una forma de conseguir
un ahorro energĆ©tico importante, ademĆ”s, de reducir la energĆa o la contaminaciĆ³n asociada
a la extracciĆ³n y transporte de materiales.
Abstract: To give suggestions on recovery and, in general, the conservation of the architectural heritage of the Galician RĆas Bajas, rehabilitation, as many authors argue, should try to recreate the space inherited from a sustainable point of view, achieving a place to live and, as such, provided with the spacial comfort nowadays required. Popular architecture is a paradigmatic example of environmental adaptation. For centuries these interventions followed clear principles, but the introduction of foreign materials and its application without the proper technical knowledge derived in a process that got to close to what is called feismo. This situation derived in a huge loss, not only with regard to heritage, but also to popular cultural. Its important to bring to mind that these constructions are the product of all the knowledge acquired on previous centuries and involves a clear manifestation of popular know-how. During this dissertation where researched 260 homes, seeking to cover all possible contexts in relation to the study area in order to group them and select from these groups case studies aiming to characterize the different construction systems employed, define indicators of spacial comfort that contribute to sustainability and establish principles of rehabilitation for their improvement. The first part identifies the problem, explains, theoretically, the geographical constraints, the architecture, the structure of rural settlements and the popular home of the autonomous community of Galicia and, more specifically, the galician RĆas Bajas. Also clarifies the concepts of rehabilitation and its criteria, extracting indicators that contribute to sustainability. On the second part it is performed the analysis of the selected case-study to then compare their different architectural elements. Finally the elements resulting from the comparative analysis of case studies is correlated with the main ideas explored in the theoretical context, offering concrete answers that formed the basis for analytical and final conclusions. There can be concluded that few sustainable strategies are more effective than rehabilitating a popular home. When these were built, unable to apply great technical resources, its builders had to optimize existing resources. The deployment and integration in the middle, the spatial distribution adapted to its users, the use of indigenous materials and the knowledge of environmental and climate conditions, are some of the most characteristic features of the popular buildings. Moreover, all these elements are based on concepts that now seem quite current, such as sustainability, but actually where already applied for some time. When it comes to rehabilitation, these principles can provide a significant reduction in energy consumption as well as reduce energy costs and pollution associated with the extraction and transport of materials.
Abstract: To give suggestions on recovery and, in general, the conservation of the architectural heritage of the Galician RĆas Bajas, rehabilitation, as many authors argue, should try to recreate the space inherited from a sustainable point of view, achieving a place to live and, as such, provided with the spacial comfort nowadays required. Popular architecture is a paradigmatic example of environmental adaptation. For centuries these interventions followed clear principles, but the introduction of foreign materials and its application without the proper technical knowledge derived in a process that got to close to what is called feismo. This situation derived in a huge loss, not only with regard to heritage, but also to popular cultural. Its important to bring to mind that these constructions are the product of all the knowledge acquired on previous centuries and involves a clear manifestation of popular know-how. During this dissertation where researched 260 homes, seeking to cover all possible contexts in relation to the study area in order to group them and select from these groups case studies aiming to characterize the different construction systems employed, define indicators of spacial comfort that contribute to sustainability and establish principles of rehabilitation for their improvement. The first part identifies the problem, explains, theoretically, the geographical constraints, the architecture, the structure of rural settlements and the popular home of the autonomous community of Galicia and, more specifically, the galician RĆas Bajas. Also clarifies the concepts of rehabilitation and its criteria, extracting indicators that contribute to sustainability. On the second part it is performed the analysis of the selected case-study to then compare their different architectural elements. Finally the elements resulting from the comparative analysis of case studies is correlated with the main ideas explored in the theoretical context, offering concrete answers that formed the basis for analytical and final conclusions. There can be concluded that few sustainable strategies are more effective than rehabilitating a popular home. When these were built, unable to apply great technical resources, its builders had to optimize existing resources. The deployment and integration in the middle, the spatial distribution adapted to its users, the use of indigenous materials and the knowledge of environmental and climate conditions, are some of the most characteristic features of the popular buildings. Moreover, all these elements are based on concepts that now seem quite current, such as sustainability, but actually where already applied for some time. When it comes to rehabilitation, these principles can provide a significant reduction in energy consumption as well as reduce energy costs and pollution associated with the extraction and transport of materials.
Description
Keywords
Sustentabilidade Conforto Arquitectura popular