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Nível de dispneia, atividades de vida diária e autocuidado na pessoa com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica: um estudo descritivo e correlacional
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Abstract(s)
A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica é uma condição pulmonar heterogénea,
caracterizada por sintomas respiratórios crónicos como dispneia, tosse e produção de
expetoração. A cronicidade e progressão associada à doença, bem como a ocorrência de
exacerbações, causam uma mortalidade e morbilidade significativa, causando distúrbios
físicos, psicossociais e emocionais, acompanhados de dificuldade respiratória e de
restrições para realizar as atividades de vida diária e o autocuidado.
Esta investigação tem como objetivos caracterizar as pessoas com Doença
Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica, internadas no serviço de medicina, ou que frequentam a
consulta externa da especialidade, relativamente às características clínicas e
sociodemográficas, nível de dispneia, capacidade para a realização das atividades de vida
diária e do autocuidado, e analisar as suas relações.
O estudo é de natureza exploratória, descritiva e correlacional, transversal,
recorrendo-se ao método de amostragem não probabilístico. A recolha de dados foi
efetuada no momento do internamento ou da consulta, utilizando-se um formulário
elaborado para o presente estudo, onde se incluiu a avaliação da escala da dispneia
mMRC, escala LCADL e Índice de Barthel. Foram utilizados métodos de estatística
descritiva e inferencial para a análise de dados.
Os participantes (n= 52) revelam altos níveis de dispneia (76,9% referem mMRC
superior ou igual a dois), bem como limitações na realização das suas atividades de vida
diária (55,8%), avaliado pela escala LCADL. Contudo, o Índice de Barthel sugere que a
maioria dos indivíduos é independente (67,3%). Apenas 36,5% dos participantes
frequentaram programas de reabilitação respiratória.
Foram encontradas associações com significado estatístico entre as variáveis:
nível de dispneia e capacidade para realizar as atividades de vida diária e autocuidado;
gravidade da doença e nível de dispneia, capacidade para realizar as atividades de vida
diária e autocuidado.
O desafio para a enfermagem de reabilitação consiste na criação de intervenções
fundamentadas pela investigação e com base nas necessidades da pessoa com DPOC, que
promovam o controlo da dispneia e a independência na realização das atividades de vida
diária e do autocuidado.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. The chronicity and progression related to the disease, as well as the occurrence of exacerbations, cause significant morbidity and mortality, leading to physical, psychosocial, and emotional disturbances, accompanied by breathing difficulties and restrictions in performing activities of daily living and self-care. The goals of this study are to characterize Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients, who are hospitalized in a medical ward or attending the specialty outpatient clinic, in terms of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, level of dyspnea, ability to perform activities of daily living and self-care, and to investigate possible relationships between variables. This is an exploratory, descriptive, and correlational, cross-sectional study, using non-probabilistic sampling methods. Data collection was carried out at the time of hospitalization or outpatient appointment, using a specific form developed for this study, which included the assessment of the mMRC dyspnea scale, LCADL scale, and Barthel Index. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. The participants (n= 52) revealed high levels of dyspnea (76.9% reported a mMRC greater or equal than two), as well as impairment in performing their activities of daily living (55.8%), as assessed by the LCADL scale. However, Barthel Index suggests that most individuals are independent (67.3%). Only 36.5% of the participants attended to Respiratory Rehabilitation Programs. Statistically significant associations were found between variables: level of dyspnea and ability to perform activities of daily living and self-care; disease severity and level of dyspnea, ability to perform activities of daily living, and self-care. The challenge for rehabilitation nursing is to develop research-based interventions that meet the needs of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, promoting control of dyspnea and independence when performing activities of daily living and self care
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. The chronicity and progression related to the disease, as well as the occurrence of exacerbations, cause significant morbidity and mortality, leading to physical, psychosocial, and emotional disturbances, accompanied by breathing difficulties and restrictions in performing activities of daily living and self-care. The goals of this study are to characterize Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients, who are hospitalized in a medical ward or attending the specialty outpatient clinic, in terms of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, level of dyspnea, ability to perform activities of daily living and self-care, and to investigate possible relationships between variables. This is an exploratory, descriptive, and correlational, cross-sectional study, using non-probabilistic sampling methods. Data collection was carried out at the time of hospitalization or outpatient appointment, using a specific form developed for this study, which included the assessment of the mMRC dyspnea scale, LCADL scale, and Barthel Index. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. The participants (n= 52) revealed high levels of dyspnea (76.9% reported a mMRC greater or equal than two), as well as impairment in performing their activities of daily living (55.8%), as assessed by the LCADL scale. However, Barthel Index suggests that most individuals are independent (67.3%). Only 36.5% of the participants attended to Respiratory Rehabilitation Programs. Statistically significant associations were found between variables: level of dyspnea and ability to perform activities of daily living and self-care; disease severity and level of dyspnea, ability to perform activities of daily living, and self-care. The challenge for rehabilitation nursing is to develop research-based interventions that meet the needs of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, promoting control of dyspnea and independence when performing activities of daily living and self care
Description
Curso de Mestrado ministrado em parceria com Escola Superior de Enfermagem S. José de Cluny e Escola Superior de Enfermagem Dr. José Timóteo Montalvão Machado
Keywords
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica Dispneia Atividades Cotidianas Autocuidado