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- New technologies to the study the golf puttingPublication . Fernandes, Orlando; Dias, Gonçalo; Couceiro, Micael; Manuel Clemente, Filipe; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Luz, Miguel; Mendes, RuiThe technology evolution, especially in the last decade, allowed major advances in golf putting analysis. This scientific advance benefited from multidisciplinary interaction, such as: biomechanics, engineering, mathematics and motor control. Utilizing digital cameras along automatic tracking techniques, it is possible to obtain valuable and accurate information about the putting gesture and/or ball trajectory. This can provide relevant feedback to athletes and coaches. In this work, we present several golf putting studies conducted on laboratorial environment. We believe that this work may contribute to a deeper analysis of human motor behavior and performance, not limited to this motor skill, but that can be applied to other motor patterns.
- Network structure and centralization tendencies in professional football teams from Spanish La Liga and English Premier LeaguesPublication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; José, Fabio; Oliveira, Nuno; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Mendes, Rui; Figueiredo, António José; Wong, Del P.; Kalamaras, DimitrisThe aim of this study was to analyse the variance of different competitive leagues, score status, and tactical position in the centrality levels of degree prestige, degree centrality and page rank in football players. A total of 20 matches from the Spanish La Liga League (10 matches) and English Premier League (10 matches) were analysed and codified in this study. In this study only the top four teams and their opponents per each competitive league were analysed. A total of 14,738 passes between teammates were recorded and processed. The multivariate MANOVA revealed statistical differences in centrality among tactical positions (λ = 0.958; F(15,1212) = 37.898; p-value = 0.001; η2 = 0.319; Moderate Effect Size). Midfielders had the greatest centrality values, followed by the external and central defenders. The lowest values of centrality were found in goalkeepers and forwards. No statistical differences were found in centrality between different competitive leagues (λ = 0.001; F(3,402) = 0.050; p-value = 0.985; η2 = 0.001; Very Small Effect Size) and score status (λ = 0.003; F(6,806) = 0.175; p-value = 0.983; η2 = 0.001; Very Small Effect Size).
- General network analysis of national soccer teams in FIFA World Cup 2014Publication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Kalamaras, Dimitris; Wong, P. Del; Mendes, RuiThis study analyzed the network characteristics of successful and unsuccessful national teams that participated in FIFA World Cup 2014. The relationship between the variables of overall team performance and the network characteristics measured on the basis of the passes between teammates was also investigated. A dataset of 37,864 passes between teammates in 64 soccer matches enabled the study on network structure and team performance of 32 national soccer teams. Our results showed significant differences in the dependent variables of network density (F4,123 = 2.72; p = 0.03; 𝜼𝒑 𝟐 = 0.04; small effect size) and total links (F4,123 = 2.73; p = 0.03; 𝜼𝒑 𝟐 = 0.04; small effect size) between the teams that reached the later stages of the tournament. Goals scored presented a small positive correlation with total links (r = 0.24; p = 0.001), network density (r = 0.24; p = 0.001), and clustering coefficient (r = 0.17; p ˃ 0.050). High levels of goals scored were associated with high levels of total links, network density, and clustering coefficient. This study showed that successful teams have a high level of network density, total links, and clustering coefficient. Thus, large values of connectivity between teammates are associated with better overall team performance.
- How team sports behave as a team? : general network metrics applied to sports analysisPublication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Mendes, RuiThe aim of this study was to analyse the general properties of networks in different team sports. Therefore, the analysis of variance to the general network properties between different team sports and different competitive levels was carried out. Sixty-six official matches (from Handball, Basketball, Football, Futsal, Rink-Hockey and Volleyball) were observed in five possible competitive levels (U12, U14, U16, U18 and Amateurs with more than 20 years). Analysis of variance revealed that the type of sport (p = 0.001; ��=0.647; moderate effect size) and competitive level(p = 0.001; �� = 0.355; small effect size)had significant statistical differences in the general network metrics. It was also found that football generates more connections between teammates but basketball and volleyball promote better results of density and clustering coefficient.
- The effect of artificial side wind on the serve ofcompetitive tennis playersPublication . Mendes, C. Pedro; Dias, Gonçalo; Mendes, Rui; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Couceiro, Micael; Araújo, DuarteIn tennis, the serve is the shot ofgreatest importance.The servedependsmainly on the player’stechnique, however,environmental factorscan influencethe accuracy of the serve. This study highlights the effect of side wind on the serve of 12 experienced tennis players. The players were asked to hit the intersection point betweenthe centralandthe service line at maximum speed while awind effect was artificially generated by a ventilator setup with various speed of Induced Aerodynamic Flow (IAF).Each player’s serve was then analyzed using error ellipsesas a statistical measure. Thismethod allowed us toevaluate theeffect of "random wind"in comparison to“constant wind” on the accuracy of the serves.The truncated Fourier series analysis showedthat there was an adaptive pattern in the accuracy of the serve dependingon therandom wind. However in four players,the more unpredictablethe impact of the wind the more accurate they becamewith the serve. The fact that there was not a linear trend in the accuracy of serveswhen IAFincreased shows that each playeradapts differentlytothe windinfluence.