EM - Teses de Doutoramento
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- Sex and age prediction through dental and radiographic measurements : elaboration and validation of forensic models for the portuguese populationPublication . Neves, João Albernaz Santos Coelho das; Mendes, José João; Botelho, JoãoAge estimation interest has grown in recent years, both because of the increasing number of unidentified corpses and because of the existence of living people without validated birth dates. There are two types of dental age estimation: developmental changes, which occur in human dentition during eruption, and degenerative changes, which occur during attrition. The eruption of the third molar occurs between the ages of 17 and 19 years. The tooth may be fully developed yet displaced, fully or partly displaced, or missing altogether. Only radiographs can provide accurate documentation of its status. Sex determination is important in forensic dentistry to help identify unknown persons. There are four ways to do this: skull analysis, DNA analysis of oral tissue, dental morphology, and measurement of mesiodistal and lingual vestibular dimensions, the latter being the easiest way to determine sex. Evidence is synthesized and evaluated through systematic reviews and metaanalyses. They can guide clinical practice by providing information on the effectiveness of treatments or the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. However, the relationships between individual exposures and outcomes are the focus of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. They may not capture all potentially relevant exposures or effects in a whole study area. Ongoing efforts have identified significant deficiencies in the reporting of narrative syntheses, and the quality of conducting and reporting systematic reviews continues to be low. Clinicians and policy makers need guidance on the quality of systematic reviews, but the existing literature does not provide it adequately.