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  • The use of reverse engineering concept to develop education
    Publication . Almeida, Patrícia; Alves Lopes, António
    Background: Traditionally curriculum development follows 6 steps: needs assessment, determining content, writing goals and objectives, educational strategies, implementing the curriculum and, evaluating the curriculum (1). However, one of the common failure in programes is the inconsistency between content and assessment activities. Therefore, we advocate for the use of Reverse Engeneering Principles. Description: Reverse engineering is the interpretation of an already existing artifact by an analysis of the design considerations that must have governed its creation (2). Translating this concept into education, the existing artifact should be seen as the expected performance from students in specific activities. By determining in advance these performances and activities (assessment activities), we can more accurately determine which considerations are needed for this creation, which in educacional context will corrrespond to the development of learning environment, content and educational strategies. This was the approach used in a european project to develop a curriculum in Healthy Ageing. Importance: This approach resulted in 4 modules integrated in practice where the assessment activities are the so-called entrusted activities (3) which facilitated the selection of adequate content and learning environment in the context of a competence-based curriculum. This approach can be of relevance to other programmes aiming to contextualized education.
    2023-10-06Conference object Open access Show more
  • Voice handicap index: cut-off points for screening european portuguese with voice disorders
    Publication . Guimarães, Isabel; Torrejano, Gabriela; Aires, Raquel; Caetano, Mariana; Fernandes, António; Martins, Paulo; Luís, Leonor
    Summary: Objectives. To determine cut-off values of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the shortened version (VHI-10) for European Portuguese (EP) with voice disorders. In addition, to analyze the discriminatory power of individual items of the VHI-10 and the ability to detect differences in various Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) diagnoses. Study Design. Cross-sectional cohort study. Methods. All participants completed the EP VHI and a 4-point self-assessment of voice disorder severity. The case group (subjects with voice disorders) underwent assessment through strobovideolaryngoscopy examinations by ENT surgeons and perceptual analyses by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). In contrast, the control group was evaluated solely by SLPs. Data were analyzed using a receiver-operating characteristic curve to determine the accuracy and cut-off values of the VHI and VHI-10. Results. The study involved a sample of 350 adults (171 cases and 179 controls), predominantly women aged 18–88 years. The area under curve (AUC) for VHI and VHI-10 was 0.997 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0. 992–1] and 0.998 [95% CI: 0.995–0.999], respectively. Optimal cut-off values were identified as 13.5 for VHI (0. 994 sensitivity and 0.989 specificity) and 5.5 for VHI-10 (0.977 sensitivity and 0.955 specificity). Each individual item within the VHI-10 significantly contributed to the overall assessment, exhibiting varying discriminatory power ranging from excellent (AUC = 0.937) to poor (AUC = 0.637). Significant differences were found in the case group between neurogenic disorders and healthy larynx (P = 0.014), structural and physiologic minor laryngeal abnormalities (P = 0.006), and inflammatory disorders (P = 0.043). Conclusions. The VHI and the VHI-10 exhibited accurate screening properties for predicting EP speakers with voice disorders.
    2023-10-06Journal article Restricted access Show more