Percorrer por autor "Ribeiro, Rita Alexandra Brilha"
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- Is criminal profiling a valid forensic technique? Application in portuguese cases of rural arsonistsPublication . Ribeiro, Rita Alexandra Brilha; Soeiro, CristinaCriminal profiling was developed to predict personality patterns, behaviors and demographic characteristics of criminals with crime scenes as a fundamental basis (e.g. Douglas, Ressler, Burgess, & Hartman, 1986). This allows the profiler to understand who committed the crime, when, where and how it was done and what was the underlying motivation (Kocsis, 2006). However, there is still controversy regarding the validity of this technique, which is the aim to clarify in the first article. The validity in criminal profiling is related to whether this forensic technique can accurately predict an unknown criminal characteristics (Montet, 2007).There are three types of validity: content validity, construct validity and criterion validity (eg. American Psychological Association, 2018). Most studies use profilers’ and police officers’ beliefs to test criminal profiling validity, others confuse accuracy with validity and some studies test profilers’ predictive capabilities instead of the technique itself and therefore so far there is no well structured investigation direction regarding this technique. Regarding arson’s criminal profiling, there is also no consensual investigation path concerning arsonists’ characteristics and even less studies on rural arsonists. So far exist three different criminal profiles for rural arson from Australia (Willis, 2005), Portugal (Soeiro, Branco, & Carvalho, 2008) and Spain (Sotoca, González, Fernández, Kessel, Montesinos, & Ruíz, 2013) and none is validated. The second article studies 309 rural arsonists’ cases and through an exploratory and confirmatory analysis shows the existence of three valid typologies for rural arson criminal profiling: Expressive Motivation – Psychiatric/Alcohol Problems, Expressive Motivation – Socially Maladjusted and Instrumental Motivation – Socially Adjusted. Thus, this dissertation is divided in two articles: the first one covers criminal profiling validity through a systematic review, while the second one studies its validity applied on rural arson, using a new validation methodology based on the previous article conclusions.