Percorrer por autor "Pessoa, Telma Maria Galhardas"
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- The link between childhood experiences, mental health and substance abuse : comparative study between an offenders' sample and the general populationPublication . Pessoa, Telma Maria Galhardas; Almeida, TelmaBackground: Individuals with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are likely to have a history of substance abuse (SA) and mental health issues and are more prone to engage in criminal behaviors. Nevertheless, despite the presence of child maltreatment, benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) can act as a protective factor. The primary objectives of this thesis are a) to verify the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and mental health in offenders; b) to analyze the relationship between positive and adverse childhood experiences and substance use in adulthood; and c) to compare a sample of the general population and a sample of prisoners concerning the variables under study. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across five databases to identify pertinent published studies, comprising 12 studies with a sample of 29,244 participants. The second article mustered a community sample that included 134 adults between 18 and 61 years old (M = 30.07, SD = 11.65), and the offenders’ sample included 135 adults between 22 and 68 years old (M = 39.19, SD = 9.78). Results: The first study's findings indicate that individuals who encountered four or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) faced heightened risks of being diagnosed with mental illnesses throughout their lifetime, potentially leading to involvement in criminal activities. Neglect, verbal and physical abuse, and having a family member in incarceration were more likely to be reported by men, and women tended to report higher rates of sexual abuse and mental illness within the household. Both men and women reported similar rates of domestic violence, parental separation or divorce, emotional abuse, and substance use in the home. The second study, there is a negative correlation between substance use (SU) and illicit substance use (ISU), and multiple ACEs. However, there is a positive correlation between SU and ISU and having an incarcerated family member, as well as between BCEs and having an incarcerated family member. BCEs show a negative correlation with forms of ACEs but a positive correlation with family substance abuse. Additionally, various forms of ACEs exhibit a positive correlation with each other. Conclusion: The results enhance the significant presence of childhood adversity among individuals exhibiting deviant behavior in adulthood. It emphasizes the importance of rehabilitation and preventive programs targeting parents to create a nurturing environment. It suggests the need to investigate further the BCEs’ role in the connection between ACEs and substance abuse.