Browsing by Author "Matos, P"
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- Effect of empagliflozin beyond glycemic control: Cardiovascular benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular diseasePublication . Monteiro, P; Aguiar, C; Matos, P; Silva-Nunes, J; Birne, R; Branco, P; Calado, J; Melo, M; Polónia, JThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase, and its association with cardiovascular (CV) disease has led to the inclusion of CV endpoints in clinical trials on the treatment of T2D. This article explores the various trials already performed and under development in this field, with particular focus on the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. In this trial, empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, demonstrated a reduction in CV risk in patients with T2D and established CV disease, in addition to CV safety and a decrease in glycated hemoglobin. This represents a paradigm shift that has led to changes in the international guidelines for the treatment of T2D. These results were maintained in subsequent subgroup analysis for heart failure, chronic kidney disease and peripheral arterial disease, although there are many questions concerning the mechanisms involved in these effects, including whether they are hemodynamic, metabolic or due to decreased myocardial cytoplasmic sodium concentrations. With this reduction in risk for major CV events in patients with T2D, the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated CV protection from a hypoglycemic drug for the first time, and opened a new era in the treatment and management of T2D. This study has led to the development of ongoing trials that will establish which patients will benefit most from this therapy, particularly with regard to comorbidities.
- Multimodality Imaging Evaluation of a Singular Cardiac StructurePublication . Costa, C; Pitta, ML; Matos, P
- Rastreio de doença coronária no diabético assintomático. Como e em quem?Publication . Matos, PScreening for coronary artery disease (CAD) in the asymptomatic diabetic patient is controversial with respect to both patient selection and rational choice of screening methods. Epidemiological studies in the real world and improved knowledge on risk markers have changed the criteria that help refine global risk stratification in a patient population that is per se high risk. Over the past years, it is likely that we have been overestimating the risk when using the classical risk factors. This review highlights the role of novel risk markers in the global assessment of diabetic patients, and identifies the best diagnostic approaches to select those patients who might benefit most from revascularization procedures or more aggressive treatment goals, despite the absence of symptoms. Factors such as the presence of kidney disease, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy or atherosclerotic disease in other arterial territories, may exponentially increase the risk of poor outcomes in diabetic patients. With the aim of rationalizing the use of diagnostic procedures, we propose a sequential approach that combines anatomic and functional data with the coronary calcium score. This approach may serve as a filter to select patients for further assessment with more expensive and less available tests so as to optimize the cost-benefit ratio of screening.
- Right atrium crossoverPublication . Brito, J; Plácido, R; Matos, P