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Percorrer por autor "Mahumane, Arlete"

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  • Impact of point-of-care birth test-and-treat on clinical outcomes among infants with HIV : a cluster-randomized trial in Mozambique and Tanzania
    Publication . Jani, Ilesh V.; Sabi, Issa; Elsbernd, Kira; Meggi, Bindiya; Mahumane, Arlete; Lwilla, Anange Fred; Pereira, Kassia; Boniface, Siriel; Edom, Raphael; Lequechane, Joaquim; Chale, Falume; Chiwerengo, Nhamo; Ntinginya, Nyanda E.; Mudenyanga, Chishamiso; Mueller, Mariana; Rauscher, Martina; Hoelscher, Michael; Taveira, Nuno; Buck, W. Chris; Kroidl, Arne; LIFE Study Consortium
    Background: We assessed the impact of point-of-care (PoC) test-and-treat at birth on clinical outcomes and viral suppression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive infants in Mozambique and Tanzania. Methods: This cluster-randomized trial allocated health facilities to intervention, providing PoC testing and antiretroviral treatment (ART) at birth and week 4–8, or control, starting these at week 4–8. The primary outcome was proportions of clinical events (mortality, morbidity, retention, virological failure, toxicity) among HIV-positive infants at month 18. We estimated incidence rate ratios adjusted for timing of HIV detection (aIRR) and reported viral suppression <1000 copies/mL. Results: Among 6602 neonates enrolled during October 2019–September 2021, 125 were diagnosed with HIV by week 12. In the intervention arm, 38 of 69 (55.1%) were diagnosed at birth. In the control arm, 27 of 56 (48.2%) were retrospectively detected to be HIV-positive at birth, of whom 6 of 56 (10.7%) died or were lost to follow-up before testing. Median age at ART initiation was 6 (intervention) versus 33 days (control). Birth test-and-treat was not associated with a significant reduction in clinical outcomes up to month 18 (53 [76.8%] vs 48 [85.7%]; aIRR, 0.857 [95% confidence interval, .505–1.492]), but showed a 68% relative reduction in 6-month mortality. Viral suppression was poor overall. Conclusions: PoC test-and-treat at birth is feasible in resource-poor settings and resulted in clinically relevant reduction of early mortality, though improved clinical outcomes were not sustained to month 18. Poor viral suppression may undermine early benefits, calling for better pediatric treatments and adherence interventions. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04032522.
    2025-05Contributo em revista Acesso aberto Ver mais
  • Impact of point-of-care maternal viral load testing at delivery on vertical HIV transmission risk assessment and neonatal prophylaxis : a cluster randomized trial
    Publication . Lwilla, Anange Fred; Elsbernd, Kira; Boniface, Siriel; Edom, Raphael; Mahumane, Arlete; Meggi, Bindiya; Buck, W. Chris; Lequechane, Joaquim; Pereira, Kassia; Chiwerengo, Nhamo; Chale, Falume; Mudenyanga, Chishamiso; Mutsaka, Dadirayi; Mueller, Marianna; Ntinginya, Nyanda E.; Taveira, Nuno; Hoelscher, Michael; Jani, Ilesh; Kroidl, Arne; Sabi, Issa; LIFE Study Consortium
    Introduction: Despite global reductions in vertical HIV transmission (VHT), 120,000 children newly acquired HIV in 2023. High maternal viral load (VL) is a major risk factor for VHT. We estimated the impact of point-of-care (PoC) maternal VL testing at delivery in profiling the risk of VHT and its impact on appropriate postnatal prophylaxis for infants born to women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods: The cluster-randomized LIFE (Long term Impact on inFant hEalth) study was conducted at 28 health facilities in Tanzania and Mozambique from 2019 to 2021. At delivery, the intervention arm applied PoC maternal VL plus clinical criteria for VHT risk assessment, while the control arm used clinical criteria only. In Tanzania, both arms provided ePNP based on maternal risk factors, while Mozambique provided ePNP universally. We used mixed effects logistic regression to estimate the intervention effect on the proportion of infants at high risk (Tanzania and Mozambique) and infants at high risk receiving ePNP (Tanzania only). Results: A total of 6467 WLWH were enrolled: 66.3% were diagnosed before the third trimester, 99% were on antiretroviral therapy and 78% were virally suppressed at delivery. Of 6564 newborns of WLWH included, 774 (11.7%) were identified to be at a high risk: 629 (19.3%) versus 145 (4.4%) in intervention and control arms, respectively; p<0.0001. In the intervention arm, 520 (82.7%) infants at high risk were classified only based on maternal PoC VL at delivery. In the control arm, 720 (21.8%) additional infants at high risk would have been identified if their mothers had received PoC VL assessment. In Tanzania, infants at high risk in the intervention arm were significantly more likely to receive ePNP: 59.5% versus 31.4% (OR 4.42, 95% CI: 1.09, 17.89). However, 40.5% from intervention arm and 68.6% from control arm did not receive ePNP despite high-risk classification at delivery. Conclusions: PoC maternal VL testing at delivery significantly increased the proportion of infants identified to be at high risk. Infants at high risk whose mothers received PoC VL at delivery were more often initiated on ePNP. However, the linkage of infants at high risk to appropriate prophylaxis remains suboptimal, warranting consideration of universal
    2025-08Contributo em revista Acesso aberto Ver mais