Percorrer por autor "Ferreira Antunes, Maria Fernanda"
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- Behavioral Differences And Impact Of Lowercase And Uppercase Letters On Reading PerformancePublication . Teixeira, Ana Rita; Brito-Costa, Sónia; Ferreira Antunes, Maria Fernanda; Espada, Sílvia MariaThe aim of this work is to understand the impact of lowercase letters and uppercase letters in terms of reading. Four sessions were held in which subjects are aged from 15 to 59 years old. Of the 19 participants with a mean age of 26.52 years (SD=13.14), to understand which letters (lowercase versus uppercase) presents a shorter reading time and higher levels of calmness, considering two different complexity texts (children and scientific) in two different forms of interaction (paper reading and screen reading). Several tests were carried out to ensure the intended result in order to comprehend the influence of various visual variables because of a more precise reading process. Four variables were examined using various sensors, including the Brain Computer Interaction (BCI) device, to measure heart rate activity (HRA) and levels of brain activity (active, neutral, and calm). The number of errors, the reading time, the heart rate variability and the calmness, active and neutral levels were considered. Our findings demonstrate that depending on the type of letters (lowercase versus uppercase), and the type of text (scientific versus children's text), and the reading text presentation (paper or screen), the visual variables have a different effect on reading performance.
- Natural and artificial lighting: Influence on readabilityPublication . Espada, Sílvia Maria; Teixeira, Ana Rita; Ferreira Antunes, Maria Fernanda; Brito-Costa, SóniaIn the study we present, the effects of different types of light (natural or artificial), different types of texts (scientific and children’s) and different reading formats (on screen and on paper) on our readability are addressed, as well as determining the preference of each participant for reading tasks and to what extent reading with natural light and with influences of artificial light affects their readability in design, and how the reading process could be done more effectively, through manipulation of lighting variables. The experiments were based on different tasks, which required 10 participants, to read two different texts (children’s text and scientific text), in two different formats (print and screen) under two different types of lighting (natural light and artificial light). During reading, we recorded the following parameters: Heart rate and EEG signal (levels of calm, neutral and active (%) using two devices: a heart rate monitor to measure heart rate and Muse, a brain detection headband that uses real-time biofeedback in its brain activity, which we used to monitor brain activity. After completing the protocol, participants answered a questionnaire to collect data on their reading preferences and were composed of three parts: the first part consisted of questions aimed at collecting demographic information from the participants (age, nationality, and other useful data for our research); the second part addressed three questions about the participants reading preferences; the third part was designed to explore the participants opinions about the test and their comfortability. We conclude that participants prefer reading on paper rather than on screen and their performance was better in reading with artificial light. Although reading with natural light was the preference of most participants, reading with artificial light provides better performance in performing the tasks. These findings could help designers to better understand the roles of lighting variables in the reading process and to create light design products that are more efficient, sustainable, and comfortable.