Browsing by Author "Castro, Nuno"
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- O Apoio de Serviços na Campanha Militar no Teatro de Operações da Guiné-Bissau (1963- 1974)Publication . Inácio, Neson; Costa, Xavier; Almeida, António; Gomes, Eduardo; Castro, NunoO presente trabalho, cujo tema é “O Apoio de Serviços (ApSvc) na Campanha Militar no Teatro de Operações (TO) da Guiné-Bissau (1963-1974)”, pretende caraterizar a função de combate ApSvc tendo em conta a realidade vivida à época. Assim, com o objetivo de analisar as duas vertentes da função de combate – Logística e Apoio de Pessoal (ApPess) – foi efetuada uma revisão de conceitos e definições tendo em consideração a evolução doutrinária que ocorreu no Exército português e a matéria alvo de estudo. Neste sentido, sob a perspetiva do atual conceito da função de combate ApSvc, procedemos a uma análise da doutrina, organização e funcionamento que se verificavam no TO no período em referência com a finalidade de avaliar o respetivo papel e desempenho ao longo da campanha. Assim, a investigação deste trabalho tem como propósito analisar de forma resumida o ApPess e cinco das funções logísticas (Reabastecimento, Manutenção, Movimentos e Transporte, Apoio Sanitário e Infraestruturas). Da investigação realizada, concluímos que a função de combate alvo de estudo enfrentou nesta campanha enormes dificuldades, pelo que de certo modo consideramos que a situação militar particularmente agonizante para que se evoluiu no final do conflito, em parte, terá sido influenciada pelo ApSvc. Abstract: The present paper, which theme is "The Service Support in the Military Campaign of Guinea-Bissau (1963-1974)", intends to characterize the combat function Service Support considering the reality of that time. Therefore, in order to analyze the two main areas of this combat function – Logistics and Personnel Support – we conducted a revision of concepts and definitions taking into account the doctrinal evolution that occurred in the Portuguese Army. In this sense, from the perspective of the current concept of the Service Support, we proceeded analyzing the doctrine, organization and functioning implemented in the Joint Operation Area in the period in reference (1963-1974) in order to evaluate their respective role and performance during the Campaign. Accordingly, the investigation of this work has the purposes to analyze Personnel Support and five logistic functions (Supply, Maintenance, Transportation, Medical Support and Infrastructures) in a summarized way. From the research carried out, we have concluded that the Service Support faced enormous difficulties during the campaign, which in some extent we consider that has affected the operational circumstances of the military forces developing to a agonizing situation in the lately years of the conflict.
- Diversity and patterns of marine non-native species in the archipelagos of MacaronesiaPublication . Castro, Nuno; Carlton, James T.; Costa, Ana C.; Marques, Carolina S.; Hewitt, Chad L.; Cacabelos, Eva; Lopes, Evandro; Gizzi, Francesca; Gestoso, Ignacio; Monteiro, João G.; Parente, Manuela; Ramalhosa, Patrício; Fofonoff, Paul; Chainho, Paula; Haroun, Ricardo; Santos, Ricardo S.; Herrera, Rogelio; Marques, Tiago; Ruiz, Gregory M.; Canning-Clode, JoãoAims The present study is the first attempt to grasp the scale and richness of marine biological invasions in Macaronesia. We pioneered a comprehensive non-native species (NNS), inventory in the region to determine their diversity patterns and native distribution origins. NNS were defined here as the result of both introductions and range expansions. We also used statistical modelling to examine relationships among NNS richness, anthropogenic activities, demographic and geographical variables across Macaronesia. Location Macaronesia. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted for marine NNS records in Macaronesia, registering the first record's location and year from 1884 to 2020. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate differences and similarities in community composition. By applying a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), we tested hypotheses regarding NNS richness as a function of anthropogenic activities, demographic and geographical variables. Results A total of 144 marine non-native species (NNS) were recorded for the whole of Macaronesia. The highest NNS richness was registered in the Canary Islands (76 NNS), followed by the Azores (66 NNS), Madeira (59 NNS) and finally Cabo Verde (18 NNS). Some differences amongst archipelagos were observed, such as the high number of non-native macroalgae in the Azores, fishes in the Canary Islands and tunicates in Cabo Verde. Overall, macroalgae, tunicates and bryozoans were the predominant taxonomic groups in the Macaronesian archipelagos. Madeira and Canary Islands were the archipelagos with more similarity in marine NNS, and Cabo Verde the most divergent. Finally, GLM suggested that non-native richness patterns across Macaronesia were dependent on the considered archipelago and strongly affected by (1) minimum distance to the mainland, (2) the total number of ports and marinas and (3) total marinas area (km2). Conclusions The model results and NNS listing in the present study will likely raise the awareness and response regarding marine NNS in the whole Macaronesia region, serving as a baseline for future research as well as implementing and enforcing regulations related to the introduction of marine NNS in oceanic islands.