Browsing by Author "Benaglia, Lisa"
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- Multi-year inter-laboratory exercises for the analysis of illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater:Development of a quality control systemPublication . van Nuijs, Alexander L.N.; Lai, Foon Yin; Been, Frederic; Andres-Costa, Maria Jesus; Barron, Leon; Baz-Lomba, Jose Antonio; Berset, Jean-Daniel; Benaglia, Lisa; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Burgard, Dan; Castiglioni, Sara; Christophoridis, Christophoros; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Emke, Erik; Fatta-Kassinos, Despo; Fick, Jerker; Hernandez, Felix; Gerber, Cobus; González-Mariño, Iria; Grabic, Roman; Gunnar, Teemu; Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Karolak, Sara; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kokot, Zenon; Krizman-Matasic, Ivona; Li, Angela; Li, Xiqing; Löve, Arndís S.C.; Lopez de Alda, Miren; McCall, Ann-Kathrin; Meyer, Markus R.; Oberacher, Herbert; O'Brien, Jake; Quintana, Jose Benito; Reid, Malcolm; Schneider, Serge; Simões, Susana; Thomaidis, Nikolaos S.; Thomas, Kevin; Yargeau, Viviane; Ort, ChristophThis study presents the development of a worldwide inter-laboratory testing scheme for the analysis of seven illicit drug residues in different matrices (standard solutions, tap- and wastewater). By repeating this exercise for six years with participation of 37 laboratories from 25 countries, the testing scheme was substantially improved based on experiences gained across the years (e.g. matrix type, sample conditions, spiking levels). From the exercises, (pre-)analytical issues (e.g. pH adjustment, filtration) were revealed for some analytes which resulted in formulation of best- practice protocols, both for inter-laboratory setup and analytical procedures. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the inter-laboratory testing scheme in assessing laboratory performance in the framework of illicit drug analysis in wastewater. The exercise proved that measurements of laboratories were of high quality (> 80% satisfactory results for 6 out of 7 analytes) and that analytical follow-up is important to assist laboratories in improving robustness of wastewater-based epidemiology results.
- Spatio‐temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoringPublication . González‐Mariño, Iria; Baz‐Lomba, Jose Antonio; Alygizakis, Nikiforos A.; Andrés‐Costa, Maria Jesus; Bade, Richard; Bannwarth, Anne; Barron, Leon P.; Been, Frederic; Benaglia, Lisa; Berset, Jean‐Daniel; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Bodík, Igor; Brenner, Asher; Brock, Andreas L.; Burgard, Daniel A.; Castrignanò, Erika; Celma, Alberto; Christophoridis, Christophoros E.; Covaci, Adrian; Delémont, Olivier; Voogt, Pim; Devault, Damien A.; Dias, Mário; Emke, Erik; Esseiva, Pierre; Fatta‐Kassinos, Despo; Fedorova, Ganna; Fytianos, Konstantinos; Gerber, Cobus; Grabic, Roman; Gracia‐Lor, Emma; Grüner, Stefan; Gunnar, Teemu; Hapeshi, Evroula; Heath, Ester; Helm, Björn; Hernández, Félix; Kankaanpaa, Aino; Karolak, Sara; Kasprzyk‐Hordern, Barbara; Krizman‐Matasic, Ivona; Lai, Foon Yin; Lechowicz, Wojciech; Lopes, Alvaro; López de Alda, Miren; López‐García, Ester; Löve, Arndís S. C.; Mastroianni, Nicola; McEneff, Gillian L.; Montes, Rosa; Munro, Kelly; Nefau, Thomas; Oberacher, Herbert; O'Brien, Jake W.; Oertel, Reinhard; Olafsdottir, Kristin; Picó, Yolanda; Plósz, Benedek G.; Polesel, Fabio; Postigo, Cristina; Quintana, José Benito; Ramin, Pedram; Reid, Malcolm J.; Rice, Jack; Rodil, Rosario; Salgueiro‐González, Noelia; Schubert, Sara; Senta, Ivan; Simões, Susana; Sremacki, Maja M.; Styszko, Katarzyna; Terzic, Senka; Thomaidis, Nikolaos S.; Thomas, Kevin V.; Tscharke, Ben J.; Udrisard, Robin; Nuijs, Alexander L. N.; Yargeau, Viviane; Zuccato, Ettore; Castiglioni, Sara; Ort, ChristophBackground and aims Wastewater‐based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population‐normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011–17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data. Design Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017. Setting and Participants Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries. Measurements Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world‐wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011–13 drug loads versus 2014–17 loads. Findings Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North–Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge. Conclusions The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real‐time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data.