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Fatores preditores do stress parental nas unidades de neonatologia:
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os pais com filhos internados em Unidades de Neonatologia passam por uma experiência que os expõe a diferentes stressores devido ao ambiente agressivo e à fragilidade do recém-nascido, mas também devido à perceção que têm relativamente à sua (in)capacidade para cuidar do filho e à dificuldade em realizar a transição para a parentalidade. O enfermeiro tem um papel fulcral ao intervir de forma a prevenir ou a reduzir o impacto de situações stressoras, suportando a sua prática na investigação e nos seus resultados, utilizando instrumentos para avaliar as respostas dos pais ao stress na unidade, de forma a uniformizar as intervenções, a apoiar efetivamente estas famílias, dando consistência e visibilidade aos cuidados de enfermagem. Método: Estudo analítico, observacional, transversal e correlacional. A amostragem é do tipo não aleatório, casual. A dimensão da amostra é composta por 172 observações (pais de recém-nascidos internados nas Unidades de Neonatologia). A colheita de dados foi feita com recurso à Escala de Avaliação do Stress Parental na Unidade de Neonatologia. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores preditores do Stress Parental nas Unidades de Neonatologia e fazer a pré-validação do instrumento. A análise de dados foi feita com recurso ao SPSS Statistics (Software SPSS® Statistics (v.26). Resultados: Os itens da escala apresentam sensibilidade psicométrica. A fiabilidade dos itens foi estimada a partir da consistência interna dos mesmo ao nível global e nas quatro dimensões com recurso ao α Cronbach, com estimativas superiores a 0,70. A análise dos coeficientes de regressão linear múltipla e da sua significância estatística revelou que dos preditores considerados, a idade dos pais e a idade gestacional são preditores significativos da dimensão Aspeto e Comportamento do RN (ß=0.16, t(167)=2.17; p=0.03) e na dimensão Relacionamento Social e familiar, apenas o preditor idade dos pais é estatisticamente significativo (ß=0.19, t(167)=2.60; p=0.01). Conclusões: A estimativa da sensibilidade e fiabilidade dos itens da escala está acima dos valores de referência. Se esta escala apresentar qualidades psicométricas será facilitadora da avaliação do stress parental enfatizando como prioritário o suporte emocional e o bem-estar dos mesmos sempre com o foco nos cuidados colaborativos centrados na família e neuroprotetores.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Having a child in Neonatology is an experience that exposes parents to different stressors due to the aggressive environment and the fragility of the newborn, but also due to the perception that they develop in relation to their (in) ability to take care of the child and the difficulty in making the transition to parenting. Nurses has a crucial role when intervening in order to prevent or reduce the impact of stressful situations, supporting their practice in the investigation and its results, using instruments to assess the parents’ responses to stress in Neonatology, in order to standardize interventions, the consistency of nursing care and their visibility. Method: Analytical, observational, cross-sectional and correlational study with a quantitative approach. The sampling is non-random, casual. The sample size consists of 172 observations (parents of newborns admitted to NICUs). Data collection was performed using the Escala de Avaliação do Stress Parental na Neonatologia - EASPUN. Objective: To evaluate the predictive factors for Parental Stress in Neonatology Units and to pre-validate the instrument. Data analysis were performed using SPSS Statistics Software (SPSS® Statistics, (v.26), SPSS An IBM Company, New York, IL). Results: EASPUN has psychometric sensitivity. The reliability of the items was estimated based on their internal consistency at the global level and in the four dimensions using Cronbach’s alfa which presented estimates above the reference value (0.70). The analysis of the multiple linear regression coefficients and their statistical significance revealed that, of the predictors considered, the age of the parents and the gestational age are significant predictors of the dimension Aspect and Behavior of the newborn (ß = 0.16, t (167) = 2.17; p = 0.03) and in the Social and Family Relationship dimension, only the parental age predictor is statistically significant (ß = 0.19, t (167) = 2.60; p = 0.01). Conclusions: The sensitivity and reliability of the scale’s estimate items is above the reference values. If this scale presents psychometric qualities, it will facilitate parental stress assessment, emphasizing emotional support and well-being as a priority, always focusing on collaborative care centered on the family and neuroprotectors.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Having a child in Neonatology is an experience that exposes parents to different stressors due to the aggressive environment and the fragility of the newborn, but also due to the perception that they develop in relation to their (in) ability to take care of the child and the difficulty in making the transition to parenting. Nurses has a crucial role when intervening in order to prevent or reduce the impact of stressful situations, supporting their practice in the investigation and its results, using instruments to assess the parents’ responses to stress in Neonatology, in order to standardize interventions, the consistency of nursing care and their visibility. Method: Analytical, observational, cross-sectional and correlational study with a quantitative approach. The sampling is non-random, casual. The sample size consists of 172 observations (parents of newborns admitted to NICUs). Data collection was performed using the Escala de Avaliação do Stress Parental na Neonatologia - EASPUN. Objective: To evaluate the predictive factors for Parental Stress in Neonatology Units and to pre-validate the instrument. Data analysis were performed using SPSS Statistics Software (SPSS® Statistics, (v.26), SPSS An IBM Company, New York, IL). Results: EASPUN has psychometric sensitivity. The reliability of the items was estimated based on their internal consistency at the global level and in the four dimensions using Cronbach’s alfa which presented estimates above the reference value (0.70). The analysis of the multiple linear regression coefficients and their statistical significance revealed that, of the predictors considered, the age of the parents and the gestational age are significant predictors of the dimension Aspect and Behavior of the newborn (ß = 0.16, t (167) = 2.17; p = 0.03) and in the Social and Family Relationship dimension, only the parental age predictor is statistically significant (ß = 0.19, t (167) = 2.60; p = 0.01). Conclusions: The sensitivity and reliability of the scale’s estimate items is above the reference values. If this scale presents psychometric qualities, it will facilitate parental stress assessment, emphasizing emotional support and well-being as a priority, always focusing on collaborative care centered on the family and neuroprotectors.
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Keywords
Stress parental Neonatologia Estudos de validação
Citation
Publisher
ESEL