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Publication
Nanotecnologia em endodontia
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A nanotecnologia é uma área inovadora, em crescente expansão, que conta com inúmeras possibilidades de aplicação, contribuindo com melhorias nos mais diversos
campos. A utilização de nanopartículas e a sua aplicação no setor da saúde encontra forte evidência na literatura, que permite a introdução dos conceitos “nanomedicina” e
“nanodentistry”. A “nanodentistry” consiste na correlação entre a nanotecnologia e a
Medicina Dentária, nas suas múltiplas especialidades. Esta correlação, mais especificamente o uso de nanopartículas na endodontia (uma vertente da Medicina
Dentária), apresenta grande interesse, tendo como tal, sido o objeto de estudo deste
trabalho.
Um dos problemas mais recorrentes do tratamento endodôntico é a dificuldade na
eliminação de microrganismos resistentes, presentes nos canais radiculares. A sua
persistência contribui para o insucesso destes tratamentos, o que resulta em prognósticos menos favoráveis dos dentes submetidos a estas intervenções. Com base na evidência científica disponível, contatou-se que a aplicação de nanopartículas de quitosano, nanopartículas de prata, nanopartículas de óxido de zinco e nanopartículas de vidro bioativo, nas várias fases do tratamento endodôntico, isto é, na irrigação, medicação e obturação, contribuem para a desinfeção do sistema de canais, podendo superar alguns dos inconvenientes dos agentes tradicionalmente utilizados para este propósito. Não obstante, compreendeu-se também que partículas com dimensões nanométricas demonstram utilidade no solucionamento de consequências destes tratamentos, nomeadamente, no aumento da estabilidade da dentina por interação com as fibras de colagénio da matriz orgânica deste tecido. Deste modo, assiste-se a uma melhoria das suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas, que resulta numa redução da probabilidade de fratura radicular em dentes endodonciados.
Conclui-se que a aplicação da nanotecnologia, mais especificamente a utilização
de nanopartículas, induz benefícios não só aos procedimentos endodônticos, como
também às consequências que advêm destes tratamentos que, desta forma, asseguram
outcomes mais favoráveis que garantem a melhoria e manutenção da saúde oral.
Nanotechnology is a new and emerging area with multiple possibilities of application, with improvements in the most diverse fields. The use of nanoparticles and their application in the health sector finds strong evidence in the literature, which allows the introduction of two distinct concepts "nanomedicine" and "nanodentistry". "Nanodentistry" consists in the correlation between nanotechnology and dentistry, in its many departments. This correlation, and more specifically, the use of nanoparticles in endodontics, presents great interest and, for that reason, was the object of study of the present work. One of the most recurrent problems of endodontic treatments is the difficulty in eliminating resistant microorganisms, present in the root canals. Its persistence contributes to the failure of these treatments, which results in less favorable prognoses of the teeth submitted to these interventions. Based on the available scientific evidence, the application chitosan nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles and bioactive glass nanoparticles in the various phases of the endodontic treatment, such as irrigation, medication and obturation, contributes to the disinfection of the root canal system, and may overcome some of the drawbacks of traditionally used agents. However, it can also be understood that nanometer-sized particles show utility in solving the consequences of these treatments, contributing to increase dentin stability by interacting with the collagen fibers of the organic matrix of this tissue. This way, there is an improvement in their physical and mechanical properties, which results in a reduction in the probability of root fracture in endodontically treated teeth. It can be concluded that the application of nanotechnology, more specifically the use of nanoparticles, induces benefits not only to endodontic procedures, but also to the consequences of these treatments, which, in this way, ensures more favorable outcomes that guarantee the improvement and maintenance of oral health.
Nanotechnology is a new and emerging area with multiple possibilities of application, with improvements in the most diverse fields. The use of nanoparticles and their application in the health sector finds strong evidence in the literature, which allows the introduction of two distinct concepts "nanomedicine" and "nanodentistry". "Nanodentistry" consists in the correlation between nanotechnology and dentistry, in its many departments. This correlation, and more specifically, the use of nanoparticles in endodontics, presents great interest and, for that reason, was the object of study of the present work. One of the most recurrent problems of endodontic treatments is the difficulty in eliminating resistant microorganisms, present in the root canals. Its persistence contributes to the failure of these treatments, which results in less favorable prognoses of the teeth submitted to these interventions. Based on the available scientific evidence, the application chitosan nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles and bioactive glass nanoparticles in the various phases of the endodontic treatment, such as irrigation, medication and obturation, contributes to the disinfection of the root canal system, and may overcome some of the drawbacks of traditionally used agents. However, it can also be understood that nanometer-sized particles show utility in solving the consequences of these treatments, contributing to increase dentin stability by interacting with the collagen fibers of the organic matrix of this tissue. This way, there is an improvement in their physical and mechanical properties, which results in a reduction in the probability of root fracture in endodontically treated teeth. It can be concluded that the application of nanotechnology, more specifically the use of nanoparticles, induces benefits not only to endodontic procedures, but also to the consequences of these treatments, which, in this way, ensures more favorable outcomes that guarantee the improvement and maintenance of oral health.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Nanotecnologia Endodontia Desinfeção Estabilização dentinária