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A Bateria de Artilharia de Campanha como Força Nacional Destacada numa Operação de Resposta a Crises
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Tem-se assistido ao aumento das operações de resposta a crises onde são
realizadas operações de média e baixa intensidade. O interesse nacional em participar em
missões internacionais com a finalidade de contribuir para a imagem do país como
cooperador de paz e segurança mundial, tem levado à constante participação nessa
tipologia de missões.
A participação da Artilharia neste âmbito tem sido pouco expressiva. Por este
motivo, o presente trabalho pretende investigar as possibilidades de emprego de uma
Bateria de Artilharia de Campanha como Força Nacional Destacada numa Operação de
Resposta a Crises.
Os objetivos deste trabalho passam por identificar as tarefas e as subtarefas
requeridas no âmbito de uma operação de estabilização e quais destas poderão ser
realizadas pela Artilharia de Campanha. Pretende-se de igual forma identificar quais as
capacidades e possibilidades de atuação de uma Bateria de Artilharia de Campanha em
operações de resposta a crises, tendo em conta a sua doutrina e treino operacional. De
igual forma, objetivo passa por identificar as diferenças e semelhanças do treino
individual e coletivo, entre as Unidades da Artilharia de Campanha e as que participaram
em operações de resposta a crises. Por último aborda-se a forma como é feita a geração
de forças e a edificação de capacidades do sistema de forças do Exército, no âmbito das
Forças Nacionais Destacadas e das NATO Response Forces.
A metodologia utilizada foi a dos seguintes autores: Santos, et al. (2016), Manuela
Sarmento (2013) e Vilelas (2009). A abordagem para este trabalho é a qualitativa,
utilizando o raciocínio o dedutivo, recorrendo à análise documental e à entrevista como
técnicas de recolhas de dados.
No que concerte à utilização da Artilharia em operações de resposta a crises, o seu
emprego é significativamente reduzido, pelas características do ambiente operacional. No
entanto, existe uma serie de tarefas que poderão ser realizadas pela Artilharia tais como:
Apoio às unidades de manobra durante as suas operações, e proteção de Bases militares
com fogos letais e não-letais; Operações de demonstração de força; realizar fogos de
advertência, monitorização global das operações, contribuindo para a Comum
Operational Picture; Ações de mentoria; Segurança a pontos e áreas críticas. É possível empregar de uma Bateria de Artilharia de Campanha como unidade de
manobra, em missões não especificas de Artilharia de Campanha, se esta tiver o treino
adequado. O período de aprontamento e treino orientado para a missão seria suficiente
para dotar a força das capacidades necessárias para obterem a certificação, e
posteriormente serem projetadas para o teatro de operações. No entanto não se perspetiva
a necessidade de atuação de uma Bateria de Artilharia de Campanha, como Unidade de
manobra. Por isso Artilharia de Campanha deverá continuar a manter o seu elevado nível
de treino e operacionalidade reforçando a aposta em exercícios conjuntos e combinados
de forma a manter-se como possibilidade de gerar subunidades aptas a participar nas
NATO Response Forces.
The amount of low and medium intensity Crisis Response Operations has recently increased. Portuguese National interest has led to a constant participation in overseas missions, with the objective of contributing to the maintenance of global peace and security. As an Army branch, the Artillery’s participation in such operations has been less than notable. The present essay deals with this problem through the investigation of the employment possibilities of a field artillery battery as a national contribution to a Crisis Response Operation. The essay’s objectives are: to identify the tasks and subtasks present in a stabilization operation, and which can be addressed by a field artillery force; to identify what are the capabilities and possibilities of a field artillery battery in Crisis Response Operations, based on its doctrine and operational training; to compare the individual and collective training between field artillery units and the units deployed in overseas Crisis Response Operations; to identify how are the force generation and the capability development being conducted in the Portuguese Army, regarding forces deployed to international missions and Nato Response Forces. The adopted methodology was based in the following authors: Santos, et al. (2016), Manuela Sarmento (2013) and Vilelas (2009). The essay adopts a qualitative and deductive approach, obtaining data through interviews and documental analysis. Concerning the use of field artillery in crisis response operations, its usefulness is significantly reduced by the characteristics of the operational environment. However, there are a series of tasks that can be completed by field artillery forces, such as: supporting maneuver force’s operations; base defense through lethal and non-lethal fires; «show-of-force» operations; warning fires; holistic operational monitoring, contributing to the Common Operational Picture; Mentoring; Area and Point Security. It is concluded that it is possible to deploy a field artillery battery as a maneuver unit, in non-artillery missions, if said battery possesses adequate training. The current predeployment training period would be enough to imprint the capabilities necessary for certification and projection. However, since the need to deploy a field artillery battery as a maneuver force is absent, the Artillery Arm should continue to maintain its current high level of readiness in fire support missions and should seek to increase the attendance of joint and combined exercises, in order to remain capable of providing subunits suitable for Nato Response Forces.
The amount of low and medium intensity Crisis Response Operations has recently increased. Portuguese National interest has led to a constant participation in overseas missions, with the objective of contributing to the maintenance of global peace and security. As an Army branch, the Artillery’s participation in such operations has been less than notable. The present essay deals with this problem through the investigation of the employment possibilities of a field artillery battery as a national contribution to a Crisis Response Operation. The essay’s objectives are: to identify the tasks and subtasks present in a stabilization operation, and which can be addressed by a field artillery force; to identify what are the capabilities and possibilities of a field artillery battery in Crisis Response Operations, based on its doctrine and operational training; to compare the individual and collective training between field artillery units and the units deployed in overseas Crisis Response Operations; to identify how are the force generation and the capability development being conducted in the Portuguese Army, regarding forces deployed to international missions and Nato Response Forces. The adopted methodology was based in the following authors: Santos, et al. (2016), Manuela Sarmento (2013) and Vilelas (2009). The essay adopts a qualitative and deductive approach, obtaining data through interviews and documental analysis. Concerning the use of field artillery in crisis response operations, its usefulness is significantly reduced by the characteristics of the operational environment. However, there are a series of tasks that can be completed by field artillery forces, such as: supporting maneuver force’s operations; base defense through lethal and non-lethal fires; «show-of-force» operations; warning fires; holistic operational monitoring, contributing to the Common Operational Picture; Mentoring; Area and Point Security. It is concluded that it is possible to deploy a field artillery battery as a maneuver unit, in non-artillery missions, if said battery possesses adequate training. The current predeployment training period would be enough to imprint the capabilities necessary for certification and projection. However, since the need to deploy a field artillery battery as a maneuver force is absent, the Artillery Arm should continue to maintain its current high level of readiness in fire support missions and should seek to increase the attendance of joint and combined exercises, in order to remain capable of providing subunits suitable for Nato Response Forces.
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Keywords
Bateria de Artilharia de Campanha Operações de Resposta a Crises Forças Nacionais Destacadas Operações de Estabilização Treino Operacional