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Contributos da experiência Portuguesa na Contra-Subversão em África, para o emprego das Unidades de Infantaria no contexto actual das operações de “COUNTERINSURGENCY”
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Abstract(s)
Numa sociedade cada vez mais global, as questões de segurança e desenvolvimento aparecem no topo das agendas político-diplomáticas. Em simultâneo, e com a presença de novos actores não-estatais, os Estados perderam a hegemonia na condução da guerra, obrigando estes últimos a combater “novas” ameaças.
A guerra convencional, na qual se pretende subjugar as vontades dos outros às nossas, através da conquista do terreno e da destruição do inimigo, têm dado recentemente lugar a guerras não convencionais, onde o fenómeno subversivo assume um papel de destaque. Após este mudança, o presente trabalho procura apresentar qual o contributo da experiência portuguesa em África para o actual emprego de forças no Afeganistão.
Abordando uma perspectiva táctica, este trabalho foi elaborado tendo em conta o nível Unidade Escalão Companhia e estabelece um paralelismo entre forças do Ultramar e do Afeganistão.
O trabalho centra-se sobretudo na pesquisa documental, com o intuito de analisar num primeiro capítulo o Ambiente Operacional do Ultramar Português e do Afeganistão, bem como uma análise comparativa dos mesmos; num segundo capítulo analisamos a doutrina Portuguesa existente sobre Subversão e Contra-Subversão; o terceiro capítulo é
composta por uma estudo da articulação e composição sobre as forças no Ultramar; num quarto capítulo fazemos a mesma investigação mas referente ao Teatro de operações do Afeganistão e por fim numa última fase apresentamos qual o contributo que a nossa doutrina de 1963 pode facultar para o emprego de uma Força Nacional Destacada ou para a elaboração de doutrina NATO.
Como resultado da investigação foi possível verificar que o fenómeno subversivo apresenta algumas evoluções, não obstante, ainda existem muitas semelhanças, e inseridas nestas similitudes encontram-se alguns dos factores mais importantes nos quais se desenrola a manobra subversiva, são eles: o apoio da população e a existência de apoio externos. Propõe-se a reformulação dos cinco manuais elaborados pelo exército português intitulados de “O Exército na Guerra Subversiva”, de forma a conseguirem responder aos desafios de uma nova realidade internacional.
Abstract In an increasingly global society, issues of security and development are on the top of the political-diplomatic agendas. Simultaneously, and with the presence of new non-state actors, the states have lost their hegemony in the conduct of the war, forcing the latter to combat “new” threats. Conventional war, where the objective is to subjugate the wills of others to our own desires by conquering land and the destruction of the enemy, have recently given rise to unconventional warfare, where the subversive phenomenon takes an important role. In the light of this change, this study intends to identify the contribution of the Portuguese experience in Africa to the current employment of forces in Afghanistan. Addressing a tactical component, this work was done at a Company Unit level and draws a parallel between forces overseas and Afghanistan. The work focuses mainly on documentary research, in order to examine initially the “Ultramar” Operating Environment and Afghanistan as well as a comparative analysis of both Operation Theaters, in the second stage, we analyze the existing Portuguese doctrine about Subversion, the third phase is comprised of a study of articulation and composition of forces which Operated in “Ultramar”, a fourth phase we do the same investigation but relative to the theater of operations in Afghanistan. Finally, the last phase, presents the contribution that our doctrine of 1963 may provide to the employment of National Forces Deployed or to the preparation of NATO doctrine. As a result of the investigation it was verified that the subversive phenomenon presents some developments, however, there are many similarities, and included with these similarities are some of the most important factors about subversive action, like controlling the population and the existence of an external support. It is proposed to rewrite the five manuals produced by the Portuguese Army titled "O Exército na Guerra Subversiva", with the purpose of giving answers to the challenges of a new international reality.
Abstract In an increasingly global society, issues of security and development are on the top of the political-diplomatic agendas. Simultaneously, and with the presence of new non-state actors, the states have lost their hegemony in the conduct of the war, forcing the latter to combat “new” threats. Conventional war, where the objective is to subjugate the wills of others to our own desires by conquering land and the destruction of the enemy, have recently given rise to unconventional warfare, where the subversive phenomenon takes an important role. In the light of this change, this study intends to identify the contribution of the Portuguese experience in Africa to the current employment of forces in Afghanistan. Addressing a tactical component, this work was done at a Company Unit level and draws a parallel between forces overseas and Afghanistan. The work focuses mainly on documentary research, in order to examine initially the “Ultramar” Operating Environment and Afghanistan as well as a comparative analysis of both Operation Theaters, in the second stage, we analyze the existing Portuguese doctrine about Subversion, the third phase is comprised of a study of articulation and composition of forces which Operated in “Ultramar”, a fourth phase we do the same investigation but relative to the theater of operations in Afghanistan. Finally, the last phase, presents the contribution that our doctrine of 1963 may provide to the employment of National Forces Deployed or to the preparation of NATO doctrine. As a result of the investigation it was verified that the subversive phenomenon presents some developments, however, there are many similarities, and included with these similarities are some of the most important factors about subversive action, like controlling the population and the existence of an external support. It is proposed to rewrite the five manuals produced by the Portuguese Army titled "O Exército na Guerra Subversiva", with the purpose of giving answers to the challenges of a new international reality.
Description
Keywords
Subversão Contra-Subversão Countinsurgency Insurgency
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino